Zoology 10th Edition By Stephen Miller, John Harley
Solutions Manual
radial symmetry - ANSWER: body plan in which any number of imaginary planes
drawn through the center of the body could divide it into equal halves
sessile - ANSWER: Describes an organism that remains attached to a surface for its
entire life and does not move
bilateral symmetry - ANSWER: Body plan in which only a single, imaginary line can
divide the body into two equal halves.
morula - ANSWER: A solid ball of cells that makes up an embryo; in humans, this
stage occurs within four days of fertilization.
blastula - ANSWER: A hollow ball of cells that marks the end of the cleavage stage
during early embryonic development in animals.
blastocoel - ANSWER: the fluid-filled cavity inside a blastula
gastrula - ANSWER: In animal development, a series of cell and tissue movements in
which the blastula-stage embryo folds inward, producing a three-layered embryo,
the gastrula.
blastopore - ANSWER: The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops
into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes
archenteron - ANSWER: The central cavity in the gastrula stage of embryological
development; it is lined by endoderm and ultimately gives rise to the adult digestive
tract.
mesoderm - ANSWER: which germ layer gives rise to muscle (smooth and striated),
bone, cartilage, connective tissue, adipose tissue, circulatory system, lymphatic
system, dermis, genitourinary system, serous membranes, and notochord.
endoderm - ANSWER: Which germ layer gives rise to the stomach, the colon, the
liver, the pancreas, the urinary bladder, the epithelial parts of trachea, the lungs, the
pharynx, the thyroid, the parathyroid, and the intestines.
ectoderm - ANSWER: The surface ___________ develops into: epidermis, hair, nails,
lens of the eye, sebaceous glands, cornea, tooth enamel, the epithelium of the
mouth and nose.
The neural crest of the _________ develops into: peripheral nervous system, adrenal
medulla, melanocytes, facial cartilage, dentin of teeth.
, The neural tube of the ___________ develops into: brain, spinal cord, posterior
pituitary, motor neurons, retina.
protostome - ANSWER: an animal whose mouth is formed from the blastopore
deuterostome - ANSWER: animal whose anus is formed from the blastopore of a
blastula
spiral cleavage - ANSWER: A type of embryonic development in protostomes, in
which the planes of cell division that transform the zygote into a ball of cells occur
obliquely to the polar axis, resulting in cells of each tier sitting in the grooves
between cells of adjacent tiers.
radial cleavage - ANSWER: A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes in
that the planes of cell division that transform the zygote into a ball of cells are either
parallel or perpendicular to the polar axis, thereby aligning tiers of cells one above
the other.
placozoa - ANSWER: What phylum is this microscopic simple creature
Porifera - ANSWER: what phylum associated with sponges, lack true tissues, organs,
mouth, and gut. Has choanocyte cells
Cnidaria - ANSWER: what phylum consisting of Anemones, Corals, and Jellyfish. It has
three types of cells: nematocyst for stinging, spirocyst for adhesion, and ptychocyst
for tube construction
Hydrozoa - ANSWER: what class in phylum cnidaria consists of hydra, hydroids,
portuguese man of war, and fire coral which alternates between polyp and medusa
stages
Scyphozoa - ANSWER: what class are jellyfish in. jellyfish are predominately in the
medusa stage
Anthozoa - ANSWER: What class are sea anemones and corals in? they are in phylum
cnidaria
Platyhelminthes - ANSWER: What phylum known for flatworms is ventrally flattened
and has an incomplete digestive tract.
nematoda - ANSWER: what phylum are roundworms in?
Polyplacophora - ANSWER: what class are Chitons in?
Gastropoda - ANSWER: what class are snails and slugs in?
Solutions Manual
radial symmetry - ANSWER: body plan in which any number of imaginary planes
drawn through the center of the body could divide it into equal halves
sessile - ANSWER: Describes an organism that remains attached to a surface for its
entire life and does not move
bilateral symmetry - ANSWER: Body plan in which only a single, imaginary line can
divide the body into two equal halves.
morula - ANSWER: A solid ball of cells that makes up an embryo; in humans, this
stage occurs within four days of fertilization.
blastula - ANSWER: A hollow ball of cells that marks the end of the cleavage stage
during early embryonic development in animals.
blastocoel - ANSWER: the fluid-filled cavity inside a blastula
gastrula - ANSWER: In animal development, a series of cell and tissue movements in
which the blastula-stage embryo folds inward, producing a three-layered embryo,
the gastrula.
blastopore - ANSWER: The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops
into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes
archenteron - ANSWER: The central cavity in the gastrula stage of embryological
development; it is lined by endoderm and ultimately gives rise to the adult digestive
tract.
mesoderm - ANSWER: which germ layer gives rise to muscle (smooth and striated),
bone, cartilage, connective tissue, adipose tissue, circulatory system, lymphatic
system, dermis, genitourinary system, serous membranes, and notochord.
endoderm - ANSWER: Which germ layer gives rise to the stomach, the colon, the
liver, the pancreas, the urinary bladder, the epithelial parts of trachea, the lungs, the
pharynx, the thyroid, the parathyroid, and the intestines.
ectoderm - ANSWER: The surface ___________ develops into: epidermis, hair, nails,
lens of the eye, sebaceous glands, cornea, tooth enamel, the epithelium of the
mouth and nose.
The neural crest of the _________ develops into: peripheral nervous system, adrenal
medulla, melanocytes, facial cartilage, dentin of teeth.
, The neural tube of the ___________ develops into: brain, spinal cord, posterior
pituitary, motor neurons, retina.
protostome - ANSWER: an animal whose mouth is formed from the blastopore
deuterostome - ANSWER: animal whose anus is formed from the blastopore of a
blastula
spiral cleavage - ANSWER: A type of embryonic development in protostomes, in
which the planes of cell division that transform the zygote into a ball of cells occur
obliquely to the polar axis, resulting in cells of each tier sitting in the grooves
between cells of adjacent tiers.
radial cleavage - ANSWER: A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes in
that the planes of cell division that transform the zygote into a ball of cells are either
parallel or perpendicular to the polar axis, thereby aligning tiers of cells one above
the other.
placozoa - ANSWER: What phylum is this microscopic simple creature
Porifera - ANSWER: what phylum associated with sponges, lack true tissues, organs,
mouth, and gut. Has choanocyte cells
Cnidaria - ANSWER: what phylum consisting of Anemones, Corals, and Jellyfish. It has
three types of cells: nematocyst for stinging, spirocyst for adhesion, and ptychocyst
for tube construction
Hydrozoa - ANSWER: what class in phylum cnidaria consists of hydra, hydroids,
portuguese man of war, and fire coral which alternates between polyp and medusa
stages
Scyphozoa - ANSWER: what class are jellyfish in. jellyfish are predominately in the
medusa stage
Anthozoa - ANSWER: What class are sea anemones and corals in? they are in phylum
cnidaria
Platyhelminthes - ANSWER: What phylum known for flatworms is ventrally flattened
and has an incomplete digestive tract.
nematoda - ANSWER: what phylum are roundworms in?
Polyplacophora - ANSWER: what class are Chitons in?
Gastropoda - ANSWER: what class are snails and slugs in?
