PN 2003 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS 100% GRADED A++
Affects of aging on the Respiratory system
- decreased
- lung elasticity
- activity of the cilia
- mucus secretions
- inspiratory/expiratory muscle strength
- oxygen transfer ability
- cough & gag reflex
bronchiectasis
there is permanent abnormal widening of the airways d/t inflammation
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe.
- asthma
- chronic bronchitis
- emphysema
kyphosis
curvature of the spin causing bowing out of upper spine
total lung capacity
,maximum volume that lungs can expand during fullest inspiration
vital capacity
The total volume of air that can be exhaled after maximal inhalation.
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
-Bronchi
-Bronchioles
-Alveoli
number of lobes of each lung
Right: 3
Left: 2
structural changes of Respiratory system
decrease
- elastic recoil
- chest wall compliance
- functioning alveoli
increased anteroposterior diameter
respiratory control changes of respiratory system
,decreased
- response to hypoxia
- response to hypercapnia
defense mechanism changes of respiratory system
decreased
- cell-mediated immunity
- specific antibodies
- cilia function
- cough force
- alveolar macrophage function
hypoxemia
low oxygen levels in the blood
symptoms of hypoxemia
headache
dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
tachycardia
hypercapnia
excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
causes of hypercapnia
failure of the pulmonary system to ventilate to remove CO2 properly
- COPD
- Asthma
- emphysema
, symptoms of asthma in elderly
- cough w/ clear mucus
- wheezing may not be present
- eosinophil is in sputum
asthma
chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways
triggered by
- allergens
- exercise
- respiratory infection
- drugs/food additives
- GERD
- emotional stress
BCCNM scope of practice re: tx of respiratory distress d/t asthmatic, anaphylaxis,
hypoglycemia
are authorized to treat
bronchitis acute
- inflammation of bronchi d/t URI
- increased mucous, cough
- may lead to pneumonia
bronchitis chronic
- sputum production for 3 month's in at least 2 consecutive years
- COPD
CORRECT ANSWERS 100% GRADED A++
Affects of aging on the Respiratory system
- decreased
- lung elasticity
- activity of the cilia
- mucus secretions
- inspiratory/expiratory muscle strength
- oxygen transfer ability
- cough & gag reflex
bronchiectasis
there is permanent abnormal widening of the airways d/t inflammation
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe.
- asthma
- chronic bronchitis
- emphysema
kyphosis
curvature of the spin causing bowing out of upper spine
total lung capacity
,maximum volume that lungs can expand during fullest inspiration
vital capacity
The total volume of air that can be exhaled after maximal inhalation.
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
-Bronchi
-Bronchioles
-Alveoli
number of lobes of each lung
Right: 3
Left: 2
structural changes of Respiratory system
decrease
- elastic recoil
- chest wall compliance
- functioning alveoli
increased anteroposterior diameter
respiratory control changes of respiratory system
,decreased
- response to hypoxia
- response to hypercapnia
defense mechanism changes of respiratory system
decreased
- cell-mediated immunity
- specific antibodies
- cilia function
- cough force
- alveolar macrophage function
hypoxemia
low oxygen levels in the blood
symptoms of hypoxemia
headache
dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
tachycardia
hypercapnia
excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
causes of hypercapnia
failure of the pulmonary system to ventilate to remove CO2 properly
- COPD
- Asthma
- emphysema
, symptoms of asthma in elderly
- cough w/ clear mucus
- wheezing may not be present
- eosinophil is in sputum
asthma
chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways
triggered by
- allergens
- exercise
- respiratory infection
- drugs/food additives
- GERD
- emotional stress
BCCNM scope of practice re: tx of respiratory distress d/t asthmatic, anaphylaxis,
hypoglycemia
are authorized to treat
bronchitis acute
- inflammation of bronchi d/t URI
- increased mucous, cough
- may lead to pneumonia
bronchitis chronic
- sputum production for 3 month's in at least 2 consecutive years
- COPD
