PORTAGE MICROBIOLOGY BIOD171
EXAM 2024-2025 WITH LATEST
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
True or False. Because the genome is contained within an enclosed space (much like the nucleus of a
cell), viruses are classified as eukaryotic. - ANS-False. Viruses are neither eukaryotic nor prokaryotic.
Describe the two basic components of a virus. - ANS-A virus has (1) genomic material comprised of
either DNA or RNA and (2) a capsid, a membrane-like protective structure that contains the genetic
material, similar to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
The ________ surrounds the capsid of some viruses. - ANS-envelope
True or False. You would expect to see a viral envelope on a virus infecting a plant cell. - ANS-False. The
overwhelming majority of animal viruses are enveloped whereas the majority of plant or bacteria-
infecting viruses are not.
Explain why the flu shot given each year may not be 100% effective at preventing the flu? - ANS-It is
possible to receive a flu vaccine and yet (unfortunately) still get the flu in the same season if you are
, exposed to a viral strain that was not included in the vaccine. There are a large number of variants and
the flu vaccine is unable to vaccinate against all subtypes. Medical researchers predict and then
distribute flu vaccines based current trends and the available data relative to the most common
circulating strains. Unfortunately, this model is not always 100% accurate.
True or False. The viral capsid of HIV is dumbbell shaped and contains ~2,000 copies of the viral protein
p24. - ANS-False. The HIV capsid is conical (cone) shaped.
The HIV surface glycoprotein gp120 binds what host cellular receptor? - ANS-CD4
An individual infected with HIV is placed on anti-retroviral medication. What is the general purpose of
this medication? - ANS-Answer: As the name suggests, anti-retrovirals are intended to inhibit (anti) the
life cycle of retroviruses (retro). By inhibiting steps in the HIV's lifecycle, anti-retroviral medications
effectively block the production of new virus particles and lower the viral load of the patient.
Rank the following viruses based on their size from largest to smallest:
Orthomyxovirus
Poliovirus
Variolavirus - ANS-1. Variolavirus
2. Orthomyxovirus
3. poliovirus
Variolavirus (~200nm) > Orthomyxovirus (100-150nm) > Poliovirus (~30nm)
True or False: Highly infectious viruses undergo genome replication prior to viral attachment and entry. -
ANS-False. The viral genome is never replicated before attachment and entry regardless of its level of
infectivity.
Place the following viral life cycle steps in order beginning with viral attachment and provide a
description of each step.
Uncoating:
Release:
Replication:
EXAM 2024-2025 WITH LATEST
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
True or False. Because the genome is contained within an enclosed space (much like the nucleus of a
cell), viruses are classified as eukaryotic. - ANS-False. Viruses are neither eukaryotic nor prokaryotic.
Describe the two basic components of a virus. - ANS-A virus has (1) genomic material comprised of
either DNA or RNA and (2) a capsid, a membrane-like protective structure that contains the genetic
material, similar to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
The ________ surrounds the capsid of some viruses. - ANS-envelope
True or False. You would expect to see a viral envelope on a virus infecting a plant cell. - ANS-False. The
overwhelming majority of animal viruses are enveloped whereas the majority of plant or bacteria-
infecting viruses are not.
Explain why the flu shot given each year may not be 100% effective at preventing the flu? - ANS-It is
possible to receive a flu vaccine and yet (unfortunately) still get the flu in the same season if you are
, exposed to a viral strain that was not included in the vaccine. There are a large number of variants and
the flu vaccine is unable to vaccinate against all subtypes. Medical researchers predict and then
distribute flu vaccines based current trends and the available data relative to the most common
circulating strains. Unfortunately, this model is not always 100% accurate.
True or False. The viral capsid of HIV is dumbbell shaped and contains ~2,000 copies of the viral protein
p24. - ANS-False. The HIV capsid is conical (cone) shaped.
The HIV surface glycoprotein gp120 binds what host cellular receptor? - ANS-CD4
An individual infected with HIV is placed on anti-retroviral medication. What is the general purpose of
this medication? - ANS-Answer: As the name suggests, anti-retrovirals are intended to inhibit (anti) the
life cycle of retroviruses (retro). By inhibiting steps in the HIV's lifecycle, anti-retroviral medications
effectively block the production of new virus particles and lower the viral load of the patient.
Rank the following viruses based on their size from largest to smallest:
Orthomyxovirus
Poliovirus
Variolavirus - ANS-1. Variolavirus
2. Orthomyxovirus
3. poliovirus
Variolavirus (~200nm) > Orthomyxovirus (100-150nm) > Poliovirus (~30nm)
True or False: Highly infectious viruses undergo genome replication prior to viral attachment and entry. -
ANS-False. The viral genome is never replicated before attachment and entry regardless of its level of
infectivity.
Place the following viral life cycle steps in order beginning with viral attachment and provide a
description of each step.
Uncoating:
Release:
Replication:
