Socialism and Russian revolution
Terminology and glossary:
• Agrarian: It refers to agricultural production, crops methods of farming or
work employed on land.
• Anarchism: It is left wing political ideology that supports the removal or
reduction of government.
• April theses: April thesis was a document published by Lenin shortly after
his return from exile in 1917.It insisted not to support provisional govt. and
withdrawal from IST world war that all power should be taken by Soviets.
• Autocracy: A system of government where all political power and
sovereignty is vested in a single ruler called autocrat who is not responsible
to any parliament.
• Batrak: Landless labour or a labour who works for wage.
• Bedniak: A bedniak is a peasant who possesses some land but is still
desperately poor.
• Black army: It was an anarchist army formed in Ukraine and southern
Russia during the Russian civil war.
• Black guards: An anarchist paramilitary brigade created in 1917. They
favoured land redistribution and small communes.
• Bourgeoisie: propertied capital owning middle class.
• Class war: A period following a socialist revolution where individuals
favoured structures and concepts of the old capitalist order would be
destroyed.
• Comintern: The communist international an organization established in
Moscow in 1919 to advance the cause of international revolution.
• Commune: A social unit in tsarist Russia, usually comprising a village of
200-500 workers; a small collective of workers responsible for sharing
resources and labour.
, Socialism and Russian revolution
• Communism: A political ideology that strives to create a society with no
classes or structures of government.
• Counter revolution: A period or set of actions where individuals or groups
attempt to reverse or halt changes that have been introduced by a
revolution.
• War Communism: IS the name commonly given to the period of extreme
Communization which began in 1918 & ended with the enforcement of
new economic policy.
• Russian Revolution (1917 – 1921): The Russian Revolution was the most
important event in the history of the twentieth century. This revolution
that took place in 1917 not only ended the despotic monarchical rule of the
emperor and established democracy, but also put an end to the power of
aristocrats, capitalists and landlords in social, economic and agricultural
fields and established the dictatorship of the proletariat and peasants. It
gave a concrete. shape to the ideology of socialism for the first time in the
world.
• Socialism: Socialism is an ideology that gives birth to a new society, new
culture and new civilization. According to communists the workers should
monopolise all social authority because they are the creators of national
wealth. There was a time when almost half of Europe and Asia subscribed
to this ideology. With the disintegration of the USSR in 1991 one stage of
communism in Europe has come to an end. China is still going strong on
the road of Communism.
Textual Questions:
Q No 1: What were the social, economic and political conditions in Russia
before 1905?
Ans: Social conditions Russian society was divided into three classes: the
clergy, nobility and the working class. Slavery was abolished in 1861, but
Terminology and glossary:
• Agrarian: It refers to agricultural production, crops methods of farming or
work employed on land.
• Anarchism: It is left wing political ideology that supports the removal or
reduction of government.
• April theses: April thesis was a document published by Lenin shortly after
his return from exile in 1917.It insisted not to support provisional govt. and
withdrawal from IST world war that all power should be taken by Soviets.
• Autocracy: A system of government where all political power and
sovereignty is vested in a single ruler called autocrat who is not responsible
to any parliament.
• Batrak: Landless labour or a labour who works for wage.
• Bedniak: A bedniak is a peasant who possesses some land but is still
desperately poor.
• Black army: It was an anarchist army formed in Ukraine and southern
Russia during the Russian civil war.
• Black guards: An anarchist paramilitary brigade created in 1917. They
favoured land redistribution and small communes.
• Bourgeoisie: propertied capital owning middle class.
• Class war: A period following a socialist revolution where individuals
favoured structures and concepts of the old capitalist order would be
destroyed.
• Comintern: The communist international an organization established in
Moscow in 1919 to advance the cause of international revolution.
• Commune: A social unit in tsarist Russia, usually comprising a village of
200-500 workers; a small collective of workers responsible for sharing
resources and labour.
, Socialism and Russian revolution
• Communism: A political ideology that strives to create a society with no
classes or structures of government.
• Counter revolution: A period or set of actions where individuals or groups
attempt to reverse or halt changes that have been introduced by a
revolution.
• War Communism: IS the name commonly given to the period of extreme
Communization which began in 1918 & ended with the enforcement of
new economic policy.
• Russian Revolution (1917 – 1921): The Russian Revolution was the most
important event in the history of the twentieth century. This revolution
that took place in 1917 not only ended the despotic monarchical rule of the
emperor and established democracy, but also put an end to the power of
aristocrats, capitalists and landlords in social, economic and agricultural
fields and established the dictatorship of the proletariat and peasants. It
gave a concrete. shape to the ideology of socialism for the first time in the
world.
• Socialism: Socialism is an ideology that gives birth to a new society, new
culture and new civilization. According to communists the workers should
monopolise all social authority because they are the creators of national
wealth. There was a time when almost half of Europe and Asia subscribed
to this ideology. With the disintegration of the USSR in 1991 one stage of
communism in Europe has come to an end. China is still going strong on
the road of Communism.
Textual Questions:
Q No 1: What were the social, economic and political conditions in Russia
before 1905?
Ans: Social conditions Russian society was divided into three classes: the
clergy, nobility and the working class. Slavery was abolished in 1861, but
