COURSE NAME ;
IR CSS notes for CSS-24:
Prepared by : Janib Ali Sheedi
Part:I
1#.Major differences between classical realism and idealism ;
2#.Causes of failure of wilsonian order ;
3#.Scope of IR ;
4#.Evolution of IR ;
5#.Changing dimensions of security ; and vary from classical concept of
international security ;
6#.Economic liberalism and its relation to neo-imperialism and economic
dependency ;
7#.Define core divergences between neo-neo debate.
8#. Failure of neoliberalism ;
1
,9#.Concept of national power and its essential ingredients ;
10#.Nuclear factor as one of the major determinants of South Asian politics
;
11#.Define globalisation and its manifestations in global politics; and its
reverse back in process;
12#.Define concept of strategic culture and major determinants in strategic
culture of Pakistan ;
13#.Analyse Samuel P.Huntington concept of Clash of Civilization ; define
its main characteristics and explain devastating consequences on the
different leading civilizations ;
14#.Define strategic competition dynamics of India-Pakistan relations in
context of China-Pakistan and India-US.
15#.Analyse of foreign policy is an essential prerequisite to an
understanding of dynamics of IR.Analyse central theme of Pakistan's
foreign policy ;
1#.Major differences between classical realism and idealism ;
Classical realism is a foundational theory in international relations that emphasizes the
importance of power, national interest, and the inherent conflict among states in the international
system. Here are definitions of classical realism provided by prominent international
relations scholars:
1. **Hans Morgenthau:**
2
,-"Politics, like society in general, is governed by objective laws that have their roots in human
nature."
-"Realism assumes that its key concept of interest defined as power is an objective category
which is universally valid, but it does not endow that concept with a meaning that is fixed once
and for all."
2. **E.H. Carr:**
-"Classical realism asserts the autonomy of the political sphere; it may be summed up in the
words: Politics is an autonomous sphere of human activity with its own principles and its own
laws."
3. **Kenneth Waltz:**
-"Realism identifies the constraints on politics that result from humankind's basic nature and the
absence of world government."
4. **Hedley Bull:**
-"Classical realism stands on a set of propositions about human nature and the constitution of
the international system which can be summarized as follows: states are the primary actors in
world politics, and they exist in an anarchic international system."
5. **Robert Gilpin:**
-"Realism begins with a concern for the central actors in international politics, the states, and
their national interest, which is taken as an active, aggressive force."
6. **John Mearsheimer:**
-"Realists are usually pessimistic about the possibility of radical improvement in international
relations."
These definitions highlight the core tenets of classical realism, which include the role of power,
the pursuit of national interest, the centrality of the state, and the absence of a higher authority
in international relations. Classical realists emphasize the competitive nature of international
politics and the inherent conflicts that arise due to states' pursuit of power and security.
Liberalism is an influential theory in international relations that emphasizes cooperation,
international institutions, and the promotion of individual rights and democratic governance.
Here are definitions of liberalism provided by prominent international relations scholars:
3
, 1. **Immanuel Kant:**
-"Liberalism suggests that states can have more confidence in one another and reduce the risk
of war if they adopt constitutional forms of government."
2. **John Locke:**
-"The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and reason,
which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and
independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions."
3. **Woodrow Wilson:**
-"We are participants, whether we would or not, in the life of the world. The interests of all
nations are our own also. We are partners with the rest. What affects mankind is inevitably our
affair as well as the affair of the nations of Europe and of Asia."
4. **Robert Keohane:**
-"Liberalism...suggests that by creating international institutions and building a world society,
states can create a basis for cooperation that overcomes the security dilemma."
5. **Michael Doyle:**
-"Liberal states are more inclined to develop mutual trust, common interests, and a shared
sense of identity, all of which make for peace."
6. **Andrew Moravcsik:**
-"Liberalism emphasizes the role of legal and normative constraints in shaping international
behavior, and thus provides a complement to more traditional theories of power politics."
7. **Francis Fukuyama:**
-"Liberal democracy, with its emphasis on individual rights and the rule of law, provides a natural
basis for the development of peaceful international relations."
These definitions reflect the central ideas of liberalism, which include an emphasis on
cooperation, the role of international institutions, the promotion of democratic values, and the
belief in the potential for peace through shared interests and norms. Liberals believe that
international cooperation and the spread of democratic governance can lead to a more peaceful
and prosperous world.
4
IR CSS notes for CSS-24:
Prepared by : Janib Ali Sheedi
Part:I
1#.Major differences between classical realism and idealism ;
2#.Causes of failure of wilsonian order ;
3#.Scope of IR ;
4#.Evolution of IR ;
5#.Changing dimensions of security ; and vary from classical concept of
international security ;
6#.Economic liberalism and its relation to neo-imperialism and economic
dependency ;
7#.Define core divergences between neo-neo debate.
8#. Failure of neoliberalism ;
1
,9#.Concept of national power and its essential ingredients ;
10#.Nuclear factor as one of the major determinants of South Asian politics
;
11#.Define globalisation and its manifestations in global politics; and its
reverse back in process;
12#.Define concept of strategic culture and major determinants in strategic
culture of Pakistan ;
13#.Analyse Samuel P.Huntington concept of Clash of Civilization ; define
its main characteristics and explain devastating consequences on the
different leading civilizations ;
14#.Define strategic competition dynamics of India-Pakistan relations in
context of China-Pakistan and India-US.
15#.Analyse of foreign policy is an essential prerequisite to an
understanding of dynamics of IR.Analyse central theme of Pakistan's
foreign policy ;
1#.Major differences between classical realism and idealism ;
Classical realism is a foundational theory in international relations that emphasizes the
importance of power, national interest, and the inherent conflict among states in the international
system. Here are definitions of classical realism provided by prominent international
relations scholars:
1. **Hans Morgenthau:**
2
,-"Politics, like society in general, is governed by objective laws that have their roots in human
nature."
-"Realism assumes that its key concept of interest defined as power is an objective category
which is universally valid, but it does not endow that concept with a meaning that is fixed once
and for all."
2. **E.H. Carr:**
-"Classical realism asserts the autonomy of the political sphere; it may be summed up in the
words: Politics is an autonomous sphere of human activity with its own principles and its own
laws."
3. **Kenneth Waltz:**
-"Realism identifies the constraints on politics that result from humankind's basic nature and the
absence of world government."
4. **Hedley Bull:**
-"Classical realism stands on a set of propositions about human nature and the constitution of
the international system which can be summarized as follows: states are the primary actors in
world politics, and they exist in an anarchic international system."
5. **Robert Gilpin:**
-"Realism begins with a concern for the central actors in international politics, the states, and
their national interest, which is taken as an active, aggressive force."
6. **John Mearsheimer:**
-"Realists are usually pessimistic about the possibility of radical improvement in international
relations."
These definitions highlight the core tenets of classical realism, which include the role of power,
the pursuit of national interest, the centrality of the state, and the absence of a higher authority
in international relations. Classical realists emphasize the competitive nature of international
politics and the inherent conflicts that arise due to states' pursuit of power and security.
Liberalism is an influential theory in international relations that emphasizes cooperation,
international institutions, and the promotion of individual rights and democratic governance.
Here are definitions of liberalism provided by prominent international relations scholars:
3
, 1. **Immanuel Kant:**
-"Liberalism suggests that states can have more confidence in one another and reduce the risk
of war if they adopt constitutional forms of government."
2. **John Locke:**
-"The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and reason,
which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and
independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions."
3. **Woodrow Wilson:**
-"We are participants, whether we would or not, in the life of the world. The interests of all
nations are our own also. We are partners with the rest. What affects mankind is inevitably our
affair as well as the affair of the nations of Europe and of Asia."
4. **Robert Keohane:**
-"Liberalism...suggests that by creating international institutions and building a world society,
states can create a basis for cooperation that overcomes the security dilemma."
5. **Michael Doyle:**
-"Liberal states are more inclined to develop mutual trust, common interests, and a shared
sense of identity, all of which make for peace."
6. **Andrew Moravcsik:**
-"Liberalism emphasizes the role of legal and normative constraints in shaping international
behavior, and thus provides a complement to more traditional theories of power politics."
7. **Francis Fukuyama:**
-"Liberal democracy, with its emphasis on individual rights and the rule of law, provides a natural
basis for the development of peaceful international relations."
These definitions reflect the central ideas of liberalism, which include an emphasis on
cooperation, the role of international institutions, the promotion of democratic values, and the
belief in the potential for peace through shared interests and norms. Liberals believe that
international cooperation and the spread of democratic governance can lead to a more peaceful
and prosperous world.
4
