Class notes BDS109 Orban's Oral Histology

Cementum is a specialized, calcified dental tissue that covers the roots of teeth. Here are some key points about cementum:Composition: Cementum is made primarily of hydroxyapatite (a mineral) and collagen fibers. It is less mineralized than enamel and dentin, which makes it softer.Function: Its main role is to anchor the teeth to the surrounding alveolar bone via the periodontal ligament. This helps stabilize the teeth and withstand the forces of chewing.Production: Cementum is produced by cells called cementoblasts. As the tooth matures, cementoblasts become trapped within the cementum and transform into cementocytes.Types: There are two main types of cementum:Acellular Cementum: Found near the enamel-cementum junction and is formed before the tooth erupts. It does not contain cementocytes.Cellular Cementum: Located more apically (toward the root tip) and contains cementocytes within its matrix. It is formed after tooth eruption and can be remodeled throughout life.Regeneration: Cementum can regenerate and repair itself in response to minor injuries or damage, which is crucial for maintaining tooth stability.Clinical Relevance: Understanding cementum is important for diagnosing and treating periodontal diseases, as loss of cementum can affect tooth stability and health.