COURSE NAME ;
European history CSS notes for CSS-24:
Prepared by : Janib Ali Sheedi
Part : II
1#.WW 1 and causes and impacts ;
2#.Period of 20 years crisis between WW-I and WW-II.
3#.Bolshevik emergence of new idea in european politics; its
impacts on future politics :
4#.Discuss causes and impacts of world war-II ;
5#.Role of US after WW-II in rebuilding Europe ;
6#.German invasions during WW-II ;
7#.Legacy of Winston during WW-II ;
8#.Incident of Pearl Harbour ;
9#.Fall of Ottoman Caliphate;
1#.WW 1 and causes and impacts ;
1
,Expanding on the previous list, here are 30 causes and contributing factors to the outbreak
of World War 1:
1. Militarism: Intense arms buildup and the glorification of military power among European
powers.
2. Alliances: Complex web of treaties and alliances that bound nations together and created
obligations to support one another.
3. Imperialism: Competition for colonies and resources, leading to rivalries between imperial
powers.
4. Nationalism: Strong nationalistic sentiments fueled aspirations for independence and
influenced foreign policies.
5. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: The event triggered a chain reaction of
diplomatic and military actions.
6. July Crisis: Diplomatic failures during July 1914, culminating in the outbreak of war.
7. System of Alliances: The Triple Entente (France, Russia, and the United Kingdom) and the
Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) further polarized Europe.
8. Balkan Wars: The two Balkan Wars (1912-1913) created instability in the Balkan region,
influencing major powers' decisions.
9. Entente Cordiale: The alliance between France and the United Kingdom fostered
cooperation against potential threats.
10. Naval Race: The naval arms race between Britain and Germany heightened tensions.
11. Economic Rivalries: Economic competition and trade disputes contributed to overall
tension.
12. Social Darwinism: The idea of survival of the fittest, promoting aggression and
expansionism.
13. Schlieffen Plan: Germany's military strategy aimed to quickly defeat France and then focus
on Russia.
14. Mobilization Plans: Rapid mobilization plans of major powers intensified the scale of the
conflict.
2
,15. Misjudgment of War's Scope: Many leaders underestimated the scale and duration of the
war.
16. Moroccan Crises: Tensions between European powers over Morocco's territorial control.
17. Ethnic Tensions: Ethnic tensions in regions such as the Balkans and the Austro-Hungarian
Empire.
18. Annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Austria-Hungary's 1908 annexation caused
tensions with Serbia.
19. Russo-Japanese War: The defeat of Russia by Japan in 1905 impacted European power
dynamics.
20. Alsace-Lorraine: The contested region between France and Germany caused
long-standing animosity.
21. Powder Keg of Europe: The volatile situation in the Balkans, known as the "Powder Keg of
Europe."
22. German Naval Expansion: Germany's naval ambitions challenged Britain's naval
supremacy.
23. Aggressive Diplomacy: Diplomatic maneuverings sometimes involved aggressive actions
by governments.
24. War Guilt Clause: The treaty's assignment of full responsibility for the war to Germany
(Treaty of Versailles).
25. Public Opinion and Media: Nationalistic propaganda and public sentiment played a role in
supporting the war.
26. Economic Interests: Some believed that a war would stimulate economies and alleviate
domestic issues.
27. Fear of Envelopment: Countries feared being encircled or isolated by rival powers.
28. Secret Treaties: Some treaties and agreements were kept secret, intensifying suspicions.
29. Failed Diplomacy: Attempts to mediate conflicts or reach agreements were unsuccessful.
30. Domino Effect: Once the war began, the mobilization of alliances triggered involvement
from other nations.
3
, It's important to note that World War 1 was a complex event with multiple intertwined causes,
and historians continue to analyze and debate its origins.
The impacts of World War 1 were far-reaching and had significant consequences for the world.
Here are 30 key impacts of the war:
1. Casualties: Millions of soldiers and civilians lost their lives, making it one of the deadliest
conflicts in history.
2. Destruction: Large parts of Europe were devastated, leaving cities and infrastructure in
ruins.
3. Treaty of Versailles: The peace treaty imposed on Germany, leading to territorial losses,
reparations, and war guilt.
4. League of Nations: The organization was created in an attempt to prevent future conflicts
and promote international cooperation.
5. Redrawing of Borders: The war led to major territorial changes and the dissolution of
empires, such as the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires.
6. Russian Revolution: The war contributed to the fall of the Russian monarchy and the rise of
communism.
7. New Nations: Several new countries emerged in Europe, such as Poland, Czechoslovakia,
and Yugoslavia.
8. Economic Impact: The war had severe economic consequences, including soaring national
debts and inflation.
9. Global Economic Shifts: The war weakened European economies and contributed to the
rise of the United States as a major economic power.
10. Technological Advancements: The war accelerated technological developments, including
military weapons, aviation, and medicine.
11. Shell Shock: The war brought attention to the psychological impact of combat on soldiers.
12. Women's Suffrage: The war played a role in gaining voting rights for women in several
countries.
13. End of Monarchies: The war led to the downfall of monarchies in Germany,
Austria-Hungary, and Russia.
4
European history CSS notes for CSS-24:
Prepared by : Janib Ali Sheedi
Part : II
1#.WW 1 and causes and impacts ;
2#.Period of 20 years crisis between WW-I and WW-II.
3#.Bolshevik emergence of new idea in european politics; its
impacts on future politics :
4#.Discuss causes and impacts of world war-II ;
5#.Role of US after WW-II in rebuilding Europe ;
6#.German invasions during WW-II ;
7#.Legacy of Winston during WW-II ;
8#.Incident of Pearl Harbour ;
9#.Fall of Ottoman Caliphate;
1#.WW 1 and causes and impacts ;
1
,Expanding on the previous list, here are 30 causes and contributing factors to the outbreak
of World War 1:
1. Militarism: Intense arms buildup and the glorification of military power among European
powers.
2. Alliances: Complex web of treaties and alliances that bound nations together and created
obligations to support one another.
3. Imperialism: Competition for colonies and resources, leading to rivalries between imperial
powers.
4. Nationalism: Strong nationalistic sentiments fueled aspirations for independence and
influenced foreign policies.
5. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: The event triggered a chain reaction of
diplomatic and military actions.
6. July Crisis: Diplomatic failures during July 1914, culminating in the outbreak of war.
7. System of Alliances: The Triple Entente (France, Russia, and the United Kingdom) and the
Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) further polarized Europe.
8. Balkan Wars: The two Balkan Wars (1912-1913) created instability in the Balkan region,
influencing major powers' decisions.
9. Entente Cordiale: The alliance between France and the United Kingdom fostered
cooperation against potential threats.
10. Naval Race: The naval arms race between Britain and Germany heightened tensions.
11. Economic Rivalries: Economic competition and trade disputes contributed to overall
tension.
12. Social Darwinism: The idea of survival of the fittest, promoting aggression and
expansionism.
13. Schlieffen Plan: Germany's military strategy aimed to quickly defeat France and then focus
on Russia.
14. Mobilization Plans: Rapid mobilization plans of major powers intensified the scale of the
conflict.
2
,15. Misjudgment of War's Scope: Many leaders underestimated the scale and duration of the
war.
16. Moroccan Crises: Tensions between European powers over Morocco's territorial control.
17. Ethnic Tensions: Ethnic tensions in regions such as the Balkans and the Austro-Hungarian
Empire.
18. Annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Austria-Hungary's 1908 annexation caused
tensions with Serbia.
19. Russo-Japanese War: The defeat of Russia by Japan in 1905 impacted European power
dynamics.
20. Alsace-Lorraine: The contested region between France and Germany caused
long-standing animosity.
21. Powder Keg of Europe: The volatile situation in the Balkans, known as the "Powder Keg of
Europe."
22. German Naval Expansion: Germany's naval ambitions challenged Britain's naval
supremacy.
23. Aggressive Diplomacy: Diplomatic maneuverings sometimes involved aggressive actions
by governments.
24. War Guilt Clause: The treaty's assignment of full responsibility for the war to Germany
(Treaty of Versailles).
25. Public Opinion and Media: Nationalistic propaganda and public sentiment played a role in
supporting the war.
26. Economic Interests: Some believed that a war would stimulate economies and alleviate
domestic issues.
27. Fear of Envelopment: Countries feared being encircled or isolated by rival powers.
28. Secret Treaties: Some treaties and agreements were kept secret, intensifying suspicions.
29. Failed Diplomacy: Attempts to mediate conflicts or reach agreements were unsuccessful.
30. Domino Effect: Once the war began, the mobilization of alliances triggered involvement
from other nations.
3
, It's important to note that World War 1 was a complex event with multiple intertwined causes,
and historians continue to analyze and debate its origins.
The impacts of World War 1 were far-reaching and had significant consequences for the world.
Here are 30 key impacts of the war:
1. Casualties: Millions of soldiers and civilians lost their lives, making it one of the deadliest
conflicts in history.
2. Destruction: Large parts of Europe were devastated, leaving cities and infrastructure in
ruins.
3. Treaty of Versailles: The peace treaty imposed on Germany, leading to territorial losses,
reparations, and war guilt.
4. League of Nations: The organization was created in an attempt to prevent future conflicts
and promote international cooperation.
5. Redrawing of Borders: The war led to major territorial changes and the dissolution of
empires, such as the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires.
6. Russian Revolution: The war contributed to the fall of the Russian monarchy and the rise of
communism.
7. New Nations: Several new countries emerged in Europe, such as Poland, Czechoslovakia,
and Yugoslavia.
8. Economic Impact: The war had severe economic consequences, including soaring national
debts and inflation.
9. Global Economic Shifts: The war weakened European economies and contributed to the
rise of the United States as a major economic power.
10. Technological Advancements: The war accelerated technological developments, including
military weapons, aviation, and medicine.
11. Shell Shock: The war brought attention to the psychological impact of combat on soldiers.
12. Women's Suffrage: The war played a role in gaining voting rights for women in several
countries.
13. End of Monarchies: The war led to the downfall of monarchies in Germany,
Austria-Hungary, and Russia.
4
