Musculoskeletal Nur 113 Final Exam
Questions And All Correct Verified
Answers.
what is the most common bone disease that results in low bone mineral density - Answer osteoporosis
what is osteoporosis - Answer it occurs when the rate of bone reabsorption exceeds the rate of bone
formation and results in decreased BMD
when is peak bone mass achieved - Answer around age 30
primary risk factors for osteoporosis - Answer women, post menopausal, over age of 65, not enough
calcium and vit d intake, inadequate calories, excessive alcohol intake, smoking, sedentary lifestyle,
smaller body weight
secondary risk factors for osteoporosis - Answer other disease states or meds; cushings, chrons, liver,
rheumatoid arthritis, downs syndrome, hyperthyroidism, steroid use, anticonvulsants, heparin, thyroid
hormones
diagnostic test for osteoporosis - Answer BMD measurements-t score, BMD measurement obtained
through a dual energy x ray absorbtiometry scan(dexa scan diagnoses osteoporosis if t score is at or
below 2.5), fracture risk assessment tool(FRAX)
meds for osteoporosis - Answer ***calcium(os-cal, citracal) and vit d(vit D3)
-take calcium with food and 6-8oz of water(to prevent urinary stones)
-recommended calcium dose is 1200 mg/daily
****biphosphonates: fosamax
-take on empty stomach with full glass of water
-take in am
,-take 30 min before food, drink, and other drugs
remain upright, sitting or standing for 30 min after taking
**** biophosphonate: boniva- take on empty stomach, monthly tablet or IV infusion every 3 months
**** biophosphonate: reclast
-iv infusion given annually for prevention
-dental exam prior to treatment
-check serum creatinine before admin
****estrogen/hormone therapy: estrace, premarin
-used to prevent and treat in post menopausal women
-do not give to women with history of thromboembolism
what is pagets disease - Answer chronic metabolic disorder in which bone is excessively broken down
and reformed
what is the most common symptom of pagets disease - Answer bone pain commonly in hip and pelvis;
involved bones may feel spongy and warm; causes bowing and deformity of long bones, spinal curvature
and pathological fractures
what is elevated in pagets disease as the result of osteoblast activity - Answer alkaline phosphonate
levels; gout and hperuricemia may develop as a result of increased metabolic bone activity, which causes
an increase in nucleic acid catabolism
treatment of pagets disease - Answer -biophosphonates, vit d, and calcitonin are effective agents to
decrease bone pain, warmth, joint pain, and lytic lesions
-analgesics and nsaids
-application of heat and gentle massage, non impact exercises
, -assistive devices, including cane, walker, orthotic shoes, braces, etc
what is osteomyelitis - Answer -bacterial infection of the bone; caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi
how is osteomyelitis classified - Answer exogenous- organisms enter from outside the body
endogenous- organisms carried from the bloodstream by other infections
diagnostics for osteomyelitis - Answer -elevated WBC, ESR, CRP
-blood cultures, cone scan
- bone biopsy
clincal manifestations of osteomyelitis - Answer bone pain not relieved by rest, pain worse with
movement, fever, swelling, tenderness, erythema, warmth at site, nausea, chills, general malaise,
elevated WBC, ESR, CRP levels
non surgical management of osteomyelitis - Answer antibiotic therapy ASAP for 4-6 weeks, contact
precautions, possible wound irrigation, pain management, hyperbaric oxygen, nutrition
surgical management for osteomyelitis - Answer debridement; in extreme cases amputation is involved
what is a sprain - Answer injury to ligaments
what is a strain - Answer injury to muscle or tendon tissue
What does RICE stand for and what is it used for? - Answer used for treatment of soft tissue injuries;
r-rest injured extremity for 72 hours
i-ice applied no longer than 30min 3-5 x per day for 24-72 hr
c-compression with ace wrap to minimize swelling
e-elevation of extremity to prevent dependent swelling
Questions And All Correct Verified
Answers.
what is the most common bone disease that results in low bone mineral density - Answer osteoporosis
what is osteoporosis - Answer it occurs when the rate of bone reabsorption exceeds the rate of bone
formation and results in decreased BMD
when is peak bone mass achieved - Answer around age 30
primary risk factors for osteoporosis - Answer women, post menopausal, over age of 65, not enough
calcium and vit d intake, inadequate calories, excessive alcohol intake, smoking, sedentary lifestyle,
smaller body weight
secondary risk factors for osteoporosis - Answer other disease states or meds; cushings, chrons, liver,
rheumatoid arthritis, downs syndrome, hyperthyroidism, steroid use, anticonvulsants, heparin, thyroid
hormones
diagnostic test for osteoporosis - Answer BMD measurements-t score, BMD measurement obtained
through a dual energy x ray absorbtiometry scan(dexa scan diagnoses osteoporosis if t score is at or
below 2.5), fracture risk assessment tool(FRAX)
meds for osteoporosis - Answer ***calcium(os-cal, citracal) and vit d(vit D3)
-take calcium with food and 6-8oz of water(to prevent urinary stones)
-recommended calcium dose is 1200 mg/daily
****biphosphonates: fosamax
-take on empty stomach with full glass of water
-take in am
,-take 30 min before food, drink, and other drugs
remain upright, sitting or standing for 30 min after taking
**** biophosphonate: boniva- take on empty stomach, monthly tablet or IV infusion every 3 months
**** biophosphonate: reclast
-iv infusion given annually for prevention
-dental exam prior to treatment
-check serum creatinine before admin
****estrogen/hormone therapy: estrace, premarin
-used to prevent and treat in post menopausal women
-do not give to women with history of thromboembolism
what is pagets disease - Answer chronic metabolic disorder in which bone is excessively broken down
and reformed
what is the most common symptom of pagets disease - Answer bone pain commonly in hip and pelvis;
involved bones may feel spongy and warm; causes bowing and deformity of long bones, spinal curvature
and pathological fractures
what is elevated in pagets disease as the result of osteoblast activity - Answer alkaline phosphonate
levels; gout and hperuricemia may develop as a result of increased metabolic bone activity, which causes
an increase in nucleic acid catabolism
treatment of pagets disease - Answer -biophosphonates, vit d, and calcitonin are effective agents to
decrease bone pain, warmth, joint pain, and lytic lesions
-analgesics and nsaids
-application of heat and gentle massage, non impact exercises
, -assistive devices, including cane, walker, orthotic shoes, braces, etc
what is osteomyelitis - Answer -bacterial infection of the bone; caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi
how is osteomyelitis classified - Answer exogenous- organisms enter from outside the body
endogenous- organisms carried from the bloodstream by other infections
diagnostics for osteomyelitis - Answer -elevated WBC, ESR, CRP
-blood cultures, cone scan
- bone biopsy
clincal manifestations of osteomyelitis - Answer bone pain not relieved by rest, pain worse with
movement, fever, swelling, tenderness, erythema, warmth at site, nausea, chills, general malaise,
elevated WBC, ESR, CRP levels
non surgical management of osteomyelitis - Answer antibiotic therapy ASAP for 4-6 weeks, contact
precautions, possible wound irrigation, pain management, hyperbaric oxygen, nutrition
surgical management for osteomyelitis - Answer debridement; in extreme cases amputation is involved
what is a sprain - Answer injury to ligaments
what is a strain - Answer injury to muscle or tendon tissue
What does RICE stand for and what is it used for? - Answer used for treatment of soft tissue injuries;
r-rest injured extremity for 72 hours
i-ice applied no longer than 30min 3-5 x per day for 24-72 hr
c-compression with ace wrap to minimize swelling
e-elevation of extremity to prevent dependent swelling
