11/9/2012
INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
At the end of this lecture, you should be able to:
LECTURE 1 Distinguish between classical and industrial chemistry
Classify the chemical industry in terms of scale, raw
INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
materials, end use and value addition
Distinguish between unit operations and unit processes
Describe chemical processes by means of flow diagrams
Carry out material balances for a simple process
INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
The scope of industrial chemistry therefore includes:
Industrial chemistry as the branch of chemistry which The exploitation of materials and energy in
applies physical and chemical procedures towards the appropriate scale
transformation of natural raw materials and their Application of science and technology to enable
derivatives to products that are of benefit to humanity. humanity experience the benefits of chemistry in areas
such as food production, health and hygiene, shelter,
protection, decoration, recreation and entertainment.
1
, 11/9/2012
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Industry is a general term that refers to all economic activities The manufacturing industry is the area of focus in the study of this
that deal with production of goods and services. lecture. Manufacturing produces manufactured goods. This makes
Manufacturing Building and construction it distinct from other sectors like agriculture which also produce
goods. In manufacturing, materials are transformed into other
Agriculture Trade more valuable materials.
Energy Finance
Transport
Manufacturing industry is a compartment of industry or economy
Communication which is concerned with the production or making of goods out of
Education raw materials by means of a system of organized labor.
Tourism
CLASSIFICATION MANUFACTURING SUB-SECTORS
Manufacturing industry can be classified into two major Food, beverages and tobacco
categories namely, heavy and light industry. Textiles, wearing apparel, leather goods
Capital-intensive industries are classified as heavy Paper products, printing and publishing
while labour intensive industries are classified as light Chemical, petroleum, rubber and plastic products
industries. Non-metallic mineral products other than petroleum
Light industries are easier to relocate than heavy products
industries and require less capital investment to build. Basic metal products, machines and equipment.
2
, 11/9/2012
THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY COMMODITY CHEMICALS
The chemical industry can also be classified according to the type of main
raw materials used and/or type of principal products made. We therefore The global chemical industry is founded on basic
have industrial inorganic chemical industries and industrial organic inorganic chemicals (BIC) and basic organic chemicals
chemical industries. Industrial inorganic chemical Industries extract
inorganic chemical substances, make composites of the same and also
synthesize inorganic chemicals.
(BOC) and their intermediates.
Heavy industrial organic chemical industries produce petroleum fuels, Because they are produced directly from natural
polymers, petrochemicals and other synthetic materials, mostly from
petroleum. resources or immediate derivatives of natural
Light organic industries produce specialty chemicals which include
pharmaceuticals, dyes, pigments and paints, pesticides, soaps and
resources, they are produced in large quantities.
detergents, cosmetic products and miscellaneous products.
COMMODITY CHEMICALS
In the top ten BIC, almost all the time, sulphuric acid, Ethylene and propylene are usually among the top ten
nitrogen, oxygen, ammonia, lime, sodium hydroxide, BOC. They are used in the production of many organic
phosphoric acid and chlorine dominate. chemicals including polymers.
The reason sulphuric acid is always number one is because BIC and BOC are referred to as commodity or
industrial chemicals.
it is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, polymers, drugs,
paints, detergents and paper. It is also used in petroleum Commodity chemicals are therefore defined as low-
valued products produced in large quantities mostly in
refining, metallurgy and in many other processes. The top continuous processes. They are of technical or general
ranking of oxygen is to do with its use in the steel industry. purpose grade.
3
INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
At the end of this lecture, you should be able to:
LECTURE 1 Distinguish between classical and industrial chemistry
Classify the chemical industry in terms of scale, raw
INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
materials, end use and value addition
Distinguish between unit operations and unit processes
Describe chemical processes by means of flow diagrams
Carry out material balances for a simple process
INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
The scope of industrial chemistry therefore includes:
Industrial chemistry as the branch of chemistry which The exploitation of materials and energy in
applies physical and chemical procedures towards the appropriate scale
transformation of natural raw materials and their Application of science and technology to enable
derivatives to products that are of benefit to humanity. humanity experience the benefits of chemistry in areas
such as food production, health and hygiene, shelter,
protection, decoration, recreation and entertainment.
1
, 11/9/2012
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Industry is a general term that refers to all economic activities The manufacturing industry is the area of focus in the study of this
that deal with production of goods and services. lecture. Manufacturing produces manufactured goods. This makes
Manufacturing Building and construction it distinct from other sectors like agriculture which also produce
goods. In manufacturing, materials are transformed into other
Agriculture Trade more valuable materials.
Energy Finance
Transport
Manufacturing industry is a compartment of industry or economy
Communication which is concerned with the production or making of goods out of
Education raw materials by means of a system of organized labor.
Tourism
CLASSIFICATION MANUFACTURING SUB-SECTORS
Manufacturing industry can be classified into two major Food, beverages and tobacco
categories namely, heavy and light industry. Textiles, wearing apparel, leather goods
Capital-intensive industries are classified as heavy Paper products, printing and publishing
while labour intensive industries are classified as light Chemical, petroleum, rubber and plastic products
industries. Non-metallic mineral products other than petroleum
Light industries are easier to relocate than heavy products
industries and require less capital investment to build. Basic metal products, machines and equipment.
2
, 11/9/2012
THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY COMMODITY CHEMICALS
The chemical industry can also be classified according to the type of main
raw materials used and/or type of principal products made. We therefore The global chemical industry is founded on basic
have industrial inorganic chemical industries and industrial organic inorganic chemicals (BIC) and basic organic chemicals
chemical industries. Industrial inorganic chemical Industries extract
inorganic chemical substances, make composites of the same and also
synthesize inorganic chemicals.
(BOC) and their intermediates.
Heavy industrial organic chemical industries produce petroleum fuels, Because they are produced directly from natural
polymers, petrochemicals and other synthetic materials, mostly from
petroleum. resources or immediate derivatives of natural
Light organic industries produce specialty chemicals which include
pharmaceuticals, dyes, pigments and paints, pesticides, soaps and
resources, they are produced in large quantities.
detergents, cosmetic products and miscellaneous products.
COMMODITY CHEMICALS
In the top ten BIC, almost all the time, sulphuric acid, Ethylene and propylene are usually among the top ten
nitrogen, oxygen, ammonia, lime, sodium hydroxide, BOC. They are used in the production of many organic
phosphoric acid and chlorine dominate. chemicals including polymers.
The reason sulphuric acid is always number one is because BIC and BOC are referred to as commodity or
industrial chemicals.
it is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, polymers, drugs,
paints, detergents and paper. It is also used in petroleum Commodity chemicals are therefore defined as low-
valued products produced in large quantities mostly in
refining, metallurgy and in many other processes. The top continuous processes. They are of technical or general
ranking of oxygen is to do with its use in the steel industry. purpose grade.
3
