ATI A&P QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED) 396
questions and verified answer 2024/2025
1. plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus: what 3 parts does every cell in the human
body have?
2. metabolic life (cellular functions): what functions do organelles carry out?
3. processes that include growth, metabolism, replication, protein synthesis, &
movement: what are the metabolic functions?
4. plasma membrane: made of a phospholipid bilayer embedded w proteins
5. cytoplasm: semi fluid substance inside the membrane that contains organelles
6. nucleus: protected by a double membrane & contains genetic material in the form of
the nucleic acid DNA; control center
7. cell division or mitosis: when new cells are needed for growth or repair of tissues,
the DNA is replicated in its entirety & the cells enter into the process of
8. rough ER: what is continuous w the outer membrane of the nucleus; covered w
ribosomes
9. ribosomes: site of the synthesis of the protein that is encoded by the DNA of the
nucleus
10. smooth ER: no ribosomes; functions as the site of lipid production & storage
11. Golgi: the manufacturing & shipping department of the cell; responsible for
packing digestive enzymes w/in vesicles
12. lysosomes: these vesicles are powerful digestive enzymes known as ___ and are
necessary for cell metabolism
13. mitochondria: "power house" of the cell; changes food energy into usable cellular
energy through cellular respiration
14. adenosine triphosphate (ATP): The usable cell energy is
15. atoms to molecules to organelle to cell to tissue to organ to organ system to
organism: what is the series of steps to reach and organism
16. tissues: group of similar cells that work together to perform a singular function
17. epithelial tissue: covers body surface, lines body cavities, & serves as a protective
barrier
18. connective tissue: connects other tissue to each other and serve to bind and support
body parts
19. muscle tissue: moves the body and its contents by contraction
20. nervous tissue: receives stimuli from the internal or external environment &
communicates through electrical impulses w the rest of the body
21. skin: which organ is on the outside of the body that is made up of all 4 types of
tissues; main function is to be a protective barrier
,22. kidney: internal organ whose main function is to recycle nutrients & filter wastes
from the blood
23. mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gall bladder, pancreas: what parts
make up digestive system
24 pharynx, larynx, bronchus, trachea, lungs, diaphragm: what parts make up the
respiratory system
25. homeostasis: organ systems work together to maintain
26. frontal plane: divides front from back
27. transverse plane: divides top from bottom
28. sagittal plane: divides left from right
29. superior: towards head
30. inferior: away from head or towards lower part of body
31. anterior: front of body
32. posterior: back of body
33. lateral: away from midline
34. medial: towards or at midline
37. *Respiratory system*: main functions are extracting oxygen from the atmosphere
& expelling carbon dioxide from the body into the air
38. maximize surface area for the exchange of gases: what is the respiratory system
uniquely constructed to do
39. alveoli: sites in lower part of the lungs where gases are exchanged between the
respiratory & circulatory systems
40. diffusion: what is this process called
41. blood & lungs capillaries: oxygen moves from the alveoli to the
42. pulmonary artery: from here, oxygen pumps out to supply your whole body
through
43. pulmonary vein: conversely, RBCs return CO2 back to the lungs through ____
where it leaves the body through exhalation
44. metabolism: the chemical processes that occur w/in a living organism to maintain
life
45. ventilation: process of aerating the lungs (air moving in and out of the lungs)
46. nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx, glottis, larynx-
: what does the upper respiratory tract include (7)
47. trachea extends into lungs via repeated branching of bronchus into bronchioles,
ending at alveoli: what does the lower RT include
48 3 lobes on right
, 2 lobes on left (more room for heart): how many lobes does each lung have
49. pleura: each lobe is contained w/in a tough, protective double membrane called
50. nose & nasal cavity: passage of air begins here; where it is filtered, warmed, and
moistened
51. pharynx: air goes from nasal or oral cavities into the ___, a pathway beginning
in the back of the throat & ending at the glottis
52. larynx: glottis prevents food from entering airway & is the passageway for air
through the vocal chords & leads to the _____ (voice box)
53. trachea: oxygen flows from larynx into the ____ (windpipe)
54. esophagus: trachea consists of cartilaginous rings and lies anterior to the
55. the right and left primary bronchi: trachea splits into 2 main branches that enter
the lungs as
56. surface area of the lungs: bronchi turn into bronchioles which turn into alveoli;
alveoli air sacs increase
57. diffusion of gases in and out: walls of alveoli are a single layer of epithelial tissue,
which allows for
58. capillaries: what are the alveoli surrounded by
59. medulla oblongata & pons in the brainstem: what monitors the levels of CO2 and
pH in the blood?
60. acidic: increasing levels of CO2 causes an increase in H+ ions, which makes blood
more
61. inhalation: what does this stimulate
62. diaphragm and intercostal muscles: what contracts simultaneously during
inhalation?
63. increase in volume of thoracic cavity, increase in lung volume, decrease in
alveolar pressure inside lung: what happens to the volume of the thoracic cavity,
lung volume, and alveolar pressure inside of the lungs during inhalation?
64. high (outside lungs) to low (inside lungs): which way does air flow during
inhalation
65. thoracic cavity decreases in volume, dec in lung volume, alveolar pressure
increases (inverse relationship): What happens during exhalation?
66. tidal volume: amount of air entering the lungs during the normal breathing cycle
67. total lung capacity (TLC): amount of gas in the lungs after a maximum inspiration
or deep breath
68. vital capacity (VC): amount of gas that can be exhaled after a maximum
inspiration, as exhaling after a deep breath
69. residual volume (RV): amount of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximum
expiration
questions and verified answer 2024/2025
1. plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus: what 3 parts does every cell in the human
body have?
2. metabolic life (cellular functions): what functions do organelles carry out?
3. processes that include growth, metabolism, replication, protein synthesis, &
movement: what are the metabolic functions?
4. plasma membrane: made of a phospholipid bilayer embedded w proteins
5. cytoplasm: semi fluid substance inside the membrane that contains organelles
6. nucleus: protected by a double membrane & contains genetic material in the form of
the nucleic acid DNA; control center
7. cell division or mitosis: when new cells are needed for growth or repair of tissues,
the DNA is replicated in its entirety & the cells enter into the process of
8. rough ER: what is continuous w the outer membrane of the nucleus; covered w
ribosomes
9. ribosomes: site of the synthesis of the protein that is encoded by the DNA of the
nucleus
10. smooth ER: no ribosomes; functions as the site of lipid production & storage
11. Golgi: the manufacturing & shipping department of the cell; responsible for
packing digestive enzymes w/in vesicles
12. lysosomes: these vesicles are powerful digestive enzymes known as ___ and are
necessary for cell metabolism
13. mitochondria: "power house" of the cell; changes food energy into usable cellular
energy through cellular respiration
14. adenosine triphosphate (ATP): The usable cell energy is
15. atoms to molecules to organelle to cell to tissue to organ to organ system to
organism: what is the series of steps to reach and organism
16. tissues: group of similar cells that work together to perform a singular function
17. epithelial tissue: covers body surface, lines body cavities, & serves as a protective
barrier
18. connective tissue: connects other tissue to each other and serve to bind and support
body parts
19. muscle tissue: moves the body and its contents by contraction
20. nervous tissue: receives stimuli from the internal or external environment &
communicates through electrical impulses w the rest of the body
21. skin: which organ is on the outside of the body that is made up of all 4 types of
tissues; main function is to be a protective barrier
,22. kidney: internal organ whose main function is to recycle nutrients & filter wastes
from the blood
23. mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gall bladder, pancreas: what parts
make up digestive system
24 pharynx, larynx, bronchus, trachea, lungs, diaphragm: what parts make up the
respiratory system
25. homeostasis: organ systems work together to maintain
26. frontal plane: divides front from back
27. transverse plane: divides top from bottom
28. sagittal plane: divides left from right
29. superior: towards head
30. inferior: away from head or towards lower part of body
31. anterior: front of body
32. posterior: back of body
33. lateral: away from midline
34. medial: towards or at midline
37. *Respiratory system*: main functions are extracting oxygen from the atmosphere
& expelling carbon dioxide from the body into the air
38. maximize surface area for the exchange of gases: what is the respiratory system
uniquely constructed to do
39. alveoli: sites in lower part of the lungs where gases are exchanged between the
respiratory & circulatory systems
40. diffusion: what is this process called
41. blood & lungs capillaries: oxygen moves from the alveoli to the
42. pulmonary artery: from here, oxygen pumps out to supply your whole body
through
43. pulmonary vein: conversely, RBCs return CO2 back to the lungs through ____
where it leaves the body through exhalation
44. metabolism: the chemical processes that occur w/in a living organism to maintain
life
45. ventilation: process of aerating the lungs (air moving in and out of the lungs)
46. nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx, glottis, larynx-
: what does the upper respiratory tract include (7)
47. trachea extends into lungs via repeated branching of bronchus into bronchioles,
ending at alveoli: what does the lower RT include
48 3 lobes on right
, 2 lobes on left (more room for heart): how many lobes does each lung have
49. pleura: each lobe is contained w/in a tough, protective double membrane called
50. nose & nasal cavity: passage of air begins here; where it is filtered, warmed, and
moistened
51. pharynx: air goes from nasal or oral cavities into the ___, a pathway beginning
in the back of the throat & ending at the glottis
52. larynx: glottis prevents food from entering airway & is the passageway for air
through the vocal chords & leads to the _____ (voice box)
53. trachea: oxygen flows from larynx into the ____ (windpipe)
54. esophagus: trachea consists of cartilaginous rings and lies anterior to the
55. the right and left primary bronchi: trachea splits into 2 main branches that enter
the lungs as
56. surface area of the lungs: bronchi turn into bronchioles which turn into alveoli;
alveoli air sacs increase
57. diffusion of gases in and out: walls of alveoli are a single layer of epithelial tissue,
which allows for
58. capillaries: what are the alveoli surrounded by
59. medulla oblongata & pons in the brainstem: what monitors the levels of CO2 and
pH in the blood?
60. acidic: increasing levels of CO2 causes an increase in H+ ions, which makes blood
more
61. inhalation: what does this stimulate
62. diaphragm and intercostal muscles: what contracts simultaneously during
inhalation?
63. increase in volume of thoracic cavity, increase in lung volume, decrease in
alveolar pressure inside lung: what happens to the volume of the thoracic cavity,
lung volume, and alveolar pressure inside of the lungs during inhalation?
64. high (outside lungs) to low (inside lungs): which way does air flow during
inhalation
65. thoracic cavity decreases in volume, dec in lung volume, alveolar pressure
increases (inverse relationship): What happens during exhalation?
66. tidal volume: amount of air entering the lungs during the normal breathing cycle
67. total lung capacity (TLC): amount of gas in the lungs after a maximum inspiration
or deep breath
68. vital capacity (VC): amount of gas that can be exhaled after a maximum
inspiration, as exhaling after a deep breath
69. residual volume (RV): amount of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximum
expiration
