Eye and Vision Disorders | Questions and Answers
What controls eye movement ** Answ** extraocular muscles
Right side of brain controls ** Answ** left side of the body
and vise versa
Assessment and evaluation of vision ** Answ** Ocular History: Always want to know
patient history
Visual Acuity: Snellen chart & Rosenbaum pocket screener
Fingercount and hand motion: Take finger to check peripheral vision
How many fingers am I holding up: tell if they have trauma
Follow finger with eyes: assess if their eye muscles work and follow commands
FOllow finger to nose: check eye muscles
Examination of the external structures ** Answ** -Note any evidence of irritation,
inflammatory process, discharge, etc. ANything that looks different than normal eye
-pen light to assess pupils
-Assess eyelids and sclera
-Assess pupils and pupillary response; use darkened room
-Note gaze and position of eyes
-Assess extraocular movements
-Ptosis
-Nystagmus
-ptosis ** Answ** dropping eyelid (may be completely down over eye and can be fixed
surgically)
Nystagmus ** Answ** oscillating movement of eyeball (Where eye is moving back and
forth caused by a virus or head injury or dehydration)
Diagnostic evaluation ** Answ** (diagnostic test)
-Ophthalmoscopy
Direct and indirect
Looks in eye
Impaired vision ** Answ** Refractive errors- Can be corrected by lenses that focus light
rays on the retina
Emmetropia
Myopia
, Hyperopia
Astigmatism
Emmetropia ** Answ** normal vision
Myopia ** Answ** nearsighted inability to see near
Hyperopia ** Answ** Farsighted inability to see far
Astigmatism ** Answ** distortion caused by irregularity of the cornea
-off balance of cornea
-fix with glasses
Healthy vision is ** Answ** 20/20
low vision ** Answ** visual impairment that requires the use of devices and strategies to
perform visual tasks
Blindness ** Answ** BCVA 20/400 to no light perception
legal blindess ** Answ** BCVA that does not exceed 20/200 or widest field of vision is 20
degrees or less
Impaired vision often is accompanied by ** Answ** functional impairment
Assessment of Low vision ** Answ** -History
-Examination of distance and near visual acuity, visual field, contrast sensitivity, glare, color
perception, and refraction
-Special charts may be used for low vision
-Nursing assessment must include assessment of functional ability, and coping and adaptation in
emotional, physical, and social areas.
visual aquity ** Answ** sharpness of vision
refraction ** Answ** The bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to
another
eye exam that measures a person's prescription for eyeglasses or contact lenses
Assessment History of eye ** Answ** Have the patient explain their symptoms (what they
see and what they don't see)
How if affects their everyday life (can they cook or drive still)
Management of low vision ** Answ** -Support coping strategies, grief processes, and
acceptance of visual loss
-Strategies for adaptation to the environment
What controls eye movement ** Answ** extraocular muscles
Right side of brain controls ** Answ** left side of the body
and vise versa
Assessment and evaluation of vision ** Answ** Ocular History: Always want to know
patient history
Visual Acuity: Snellen chart & Rosenbaum pocket screener
Fingercount and hand motion: Take finger to check peripheral vision
How many fingers am I holding up: tell if they have trauma
Follow finger with eyes: assess if their eye muscles work and follow commands
FOllow finger to nose: check eye muscles
Examination of the external structures ** Answ** -Note any evidence of irritation,
inflammatory process, discharge, etc. ANything that looks different than normal eye
-pen light to assess pupils
-Assess eyelids and sclera
-Assess pupils and pupillary response; use darkened room
-Note gaze and position of eyes
-Assess extraocular movements
-Ptosis
-Nystagmus
-ptosis ** Answ** dropping eyelid (may be completely down over eye and can be fixed
surgically)
Nystagmus ** Answ** oscillating movement of eyeball (Where eye is moving back and
forth caused by a virus or head injury or dehydration)
Diagnostic evaluation ** Answ** (diagnostic test)
-Ophthalmoscopy
Direct and indirect
Looks in eye
Impaired vision ** Answ** Refractive errors- Can be corrected by lenses that focus light
rays on the retina
Emmetropia
Myopia
, Hyperopia
Astigmatism
Emmetropia ** Answ** normal vision
Myopia ** Answ** nearsighted inability to see near
Hyperopia ** Answ** Farsighted inability to see far
Astigmatism ** Answ** distortion caused by irregularity of the cornea
-off balance of cornea
-fix with glasses
Healthy vision is ** Answ** 20/20
low vision ** Answ** visual impairment that requires the use of devices and strategies to
perform visual tasks
Blindness ** Answ** BCVA 20/400 to no light perception
legal blindess ** Answ** BCVA that does not exceed 20/200 or widest field of vision is 20
degrees or less
Impaired vision often is accompanied by ** Answ** functional impairment
Assessment of Low vision ** Answ** -History
-Examination of distance and near visual acuity, visual field, contrast sensitivity, glare, color
perception, and refraction
-Special charts may be used for low vision
-Nursing assessment must include assessment of functional ability, and coping and adaptation in
emotional, physical, and social areas.
visual aquity ** Answ** sharpness of vision
refraction ** Answ** The bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to
another
eye exam that measures a person's prescription for eyeglasses or contact lenses
Assessment History of eye ** Answ** Have the patient explain their symptoms (what they
see and what they don't see)
How if affects their everyday life (can they cook or drive still)
Management of low vision ** Answ** -Support coping strategies, grief processes, and
acceptance of visual loss
-Strategies for adaptation to the environment
