BSSC 108 Questions and Answers
DNA is composed of ____ subunits. ** Answ** Nucleotide
DNA has a ____ backbone covalently bonded to _____-containing bases ** Answ** Sugar-
phosphate
Nitrogen
A DNA molecule contains how many strands of DNA?
These strands form what? This means that they are _____. ** Answ** 2
A double helix
Complementary
What are the nitrogen-containing bases? ** Answ** Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
The nitrogen-containing bases of the two strands are held to each other by ____ ** Answ**
Hydrogen bonds
Adenine always pairs with _____ ** Answ** Thymine
Cytosine always pairs with _____ ** Answ** Guanine
How does a molecule of DNA replicate? ** Answ** One parent molecule that has two
complementary strands separates
Each strand is used as a template to make a new strand
Each of the two daughter molecules will be composed of one "old" (parent) strand and one
"new" strand
The two parent strands separate at the ____ ** Answ** Origin of replication
Synthesis of two new complementary strands occurs in the _____ using the ____ as templates
** Answ** Replication bubble
Parent strands
The replication bubbles merge as DNA replication progresses in both directions at the ______
** Answ** Replication forks
An organism's DNA leads to specific traits by _____ ** Answ** Dictating the synthesis of
proteins
What is the structure of RNA? ** Answ** Ribose + A nitrogenous base + A phosphate
group (A, G, C, U)
, ____ is a single-stranded nucleic acid ** Answ** RNA
RNA contains ____ instead of thymine ** Answ** Uracil
RNA contains ____ instead of deoxyribose ** Answ** Ribose
What are the 3 types of RNA? ** Answ** mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
What is the function of mRNA? ** Answ** Carries the genetic information copied from
DNA
This is the molecule that is translated into protein
What is the function of tRNA? ** Answ** Acts as a molecular interpreter to convert the
three letter words (codons) of nucleic acids to the amino acid words of proteins
What is the function of rRNA? ** Answ** Associates with a set of proteins to form
ribosomes
Genes code for specific proteins via what 2 processes? ** Answ** Transcription
Translation
What is transcription? ** Answ** The synthesis of mRNA under the direction of DNA
Where does transcription take place? ** Answ** In the nucleus
What is translation? ** Answ** The synthesis of a polypeptide (which will late become a
protein) under the direction of mRNA
Where does translation occur? ** Answ** On ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What is the structure of tRNA? ** Answ** At one end is the amino acid attachment site
At the other end is the three-nucleotide anticodon where the mRNA will attach
What is the role of tRNA in translation? ** Answ** Translate the message of nucleotides
into amino acids
How does information flow in a cell? ** Answ** From DNA to RNA to protein
____ makes ____ through transcription ** Answ** DNA
RNA
____ makes ____ through translation ** Answ** RNA
Protein
DNA is composed of ____ subunits. ** Answ** Nucleotide
DNA has a ____ backbone covalently bonded to _____-containing bases ** Answ** Sugar-
phosphate
Nitrogen
A DNA molecule contains how many strands of DNA?
These strands form what? This means that they are _____. ** Answ** 2
A double helix
Complementary
What are the nitrogen-containing bases? ** Answ** Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
The nitrogen-containing bases of the two strands are held to each other by ____ ** Answ**
Hydrogen bonds
Adenine always pairs with _____ ** Answ** Thymine
Cytosine always pairs with _____ ** Answ** Guanine
How does a molecule of DNA replicate? ** Answ** One parent molecule that has two
complementary strands separates
Each strand is used as a template to make a new strand
Each of the two daughter molecules will be composed of one "old" (parent) strand and one
"new" strand
The two parent strands separate at the ____ ** Answ** Origin of replication
Synthesis of two new complementary strands occurs in the _____ using the ____ as templates
** Answ** Replication bubble
Parent strands
The replication bubbles merge as DNA replication progresses in both directions at the ______
** Answ** Replication forks
An organism's DNA leads to specific traits by _____ ** Answ** Dictating the synthesis of
proteins
What is the structure of RNA? ** Answ** Ribose + A nitrogenous base + A phosphate
group (A, G, C, U)
, ____ is a single-stranded nucleic acid ** Answ** RNA
RNA contains ____ instead of thymine ** Answ** Uracil
RNA contains ____ instead of deoxyribose ** Answ** Ribose
What are the 3 types of RNA? ** Answ** mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
What is the function of mRNA? ** Answ** Carries the genetic information copied from
DNA
This is the molecule that is translated into protein
What is the function of tRNA? ** Answ** Acts as a molecular interpreter to convert the
three letter words (codons) of nucleic acids to the amino acid words of proteins
What is the function of rRNA? ** Answ** Associates with a set of proteins to form
ribosomes
Genes code for specific proteins via what 2 processes? ** Answ** Transcription
Translation
What is transcription? ** Answ** The synthesis of mRNA under the direction of DNA
Where does transcription take place? ** Answ** In the nucleus
What is translation? ** Answ** The synthesis of a polypeptide (which will late become a
protein) under the direction of mRNA
Where does translation occur? ** Answ** On ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What is the structure of tRNA? ** Answ** At one end is the amino acid attachment site
At the other end is the three-nucleotide anticodon where the mRNA will attach
What is the role of tRNA in translation? ** Answ** Translate the message of nucleotides
into amino acids
How does information flow in a cell? ** Answ** From DNA to RNA to protein
____ makes ____ through transcription ** Answ** DNA
RNA
____ makes ____ through translation ** Answ** RNA
Protein
