NCAL Kaiser EKG Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers
NSR
hemodynamically stable w/ optimal co
Rate: 60-100
Rhythm: Regular
P waves normal
1:1 conduction
QRS normal
ST and T waves normal
Sinus Arrhythmia
no hemodynamic significance. p-p interval varies by > 10%.
Rate: 60-100, speed slows w/ respirations
Rhythm: Irregular
P waves normal
1:1 conduction
QRS normal
ST and T waves normal
Sinus arrhythmia treatment
Asx: nothing
sx: find cause and treat (eg digitalis toxicity, MI)
Sinus Bradycardia
Can compromise CO.
Normal in athletes and during sleep
, All normal except rate <60
sinus bradycardia causes and symptoms
primary causes: hypothermia, increased ICP, vagal stimulation, MI (inferior and
posterior)
secondary causes: BB's, digitalis, CCB
Sx: syncope, dizzy, hypotension, angina. ectopic beats
sinus brady treatment
only if symptomatic: 0.5mg atropine IV, pacemaker if unsuccessful, hold drugs that
decrease HR
Sinus Tachycardia
CO may be compromised due to inadequate ventricular filling
Rate: 100-150 bpm
Rhythm: regular
p waves normal and alike
PR interval normal
QRS normal
ST and T waves normal (unless rate is very fast: P&T waves fuse and can become
distorted)
sinus tachy causes and symptoms
increased metabolic demands causes: anxiety, stress, fever, exercise, pain
Stimulant causes: epinephrine, aminophylline, albuterol
decreased blood flow causes: shock, CHF, hemorrhage
Sx: palpitations, dizzy
what are the three rhythms that are considered sinus node disease?
NSR
hemodynamically stable w/ optimal co
Rate: 60-100
Rhythm: Regular
P waves normal
1:1 conduction
QRS normal
ST and T waves normal
Sinus Arrhythmia
no hemodynamic significance. p-p interval varies by > 10%.
Rate: 60-100, speed slows w/ respirations
Rhythm: Irregular
P waves normal
1:1 conduction
QRS normal
ST and T waves normal
Sinus arrhythmia treatment
Asx: nothing
sx: find cause and treat (eg digitalis toxicity, MI)
Sinus Bradycardia
Can compromise CO.
Normal in athletes and during sleep
, All normal except rate <60
sinus bradycardia causes and symptoms
primary causes: hypothermia, increased ICP, vagal stimulation, MI (inferior and
posterior)
secondary causes: BB's, digitalis, CCB
Sx: syncope, dizzy, hypotension, angina. ectopic beats
sinus brady treatment
only if symptomatic: 0.5mg atropine IV, pacemaker if unsuccessful, hold drugs that
decrease HR
Sinus Tachycardia
CO may be compromised due to inadequate ventricular filling
Rate: 100-150 bpm
Rhythm: regular
p waves normal and alike
PR interval normal
QRS normal
ST and T waves normal (unless rate is very fast: P&T waves fuse and can become
distorted)
sinus tachy causes and symptoms
increased metabolic demands causes: anxiety, stress, fever, exercise, pain
Stimulant causes: epinephrine, aminophylline, albuterol
decreased blood flow causes: shock, CHF, hemorrhage
Sx: palpitations, dizzy
what are the three rhythms that are considered sinus node disease?
