Long Answers:
1. Write about the features of computers.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS:
Speed: The computer has developed as a high-speed calculating machine, which
perform many complex operations. In order to perform large calculations at a high
speed today’s computer uses electric pulses, which travels at incredible speeds giving us
results instantaneously. The computer can process data in millisecond, microsecond
depending upon the processor
Accuracy: A computer is a highly dependable machine and can produce accurate
result. The accuracy of a computer is consistently high and the degree of accuracy of a
computer depends upon its design. But for a particular computer, each and every
calculation are performed with the same accuracy.
Error can occur in a computer, but these are mainly due to human rather than
technological weaknesses. The accuracy of the computer based on GIGO (Garbage in
Garbage out) concept i.e., if the user send incorrect or insufficient information will get
wrong result.
Diligence: a computer has no mechanical parts which undergo stress or tiredness and
maintain its accuracy and speed for millions of instructions and will do repetitive
operations with the same efficiency and will give a continuous standard output. These
characteristics make a computer ideal in industries as it performs millions of operations
with efficiency.
Versatility: It is the most wonderful thing about computer. One moment it is preparing
the results of a particular examination, the next moment it is busy preparing electricity
bills, and in between it may be printing a office document. All that required changing its
talent is to slip in a new program into it. Briefly, a computer is capable of performing
almost any task provided to it.
Storage: One of the most important characteristics of a computer is its storing
capacity. No doubt human brain can also store information correctly but it storing
capacity is limited. But computer Stores large amount of and long term data and can be
retrieve at any time. A computer can store and recall any amount of information
because of its secondary storage capability. Every piece of information can be retained
as long as desired by the user and can be recalled as and when required. Even after
several years, the information recalled would be as accurate as on the day when it was
fed to the computer. A computer losses certain information only when it is asked to do
so.
, Automatic: a computer is an automatic machine once the information provided to it,
human intervention does not required.
No Feeling: Based on our knowledge and experience we make certain judgment in our
daily life but computer does not make such judgment on its own. Judgment is based on
the instruction given to them in the form of program that are written by the user.
Network: the computer can communicate with other computer and can received and
send data in various forms like text, sound, video and graphics. This ability of computer
to communicate to one another has lead to the development of computer networks,
Internet etc.
2. Define computer? Draw the block diagram of computer and explain its parts.
The internal architectural design of computers differs from one system model to another.
However, the basic organization remains the same for all computer system.
All computer systems perform the following five basic operations:
CPU
MMU
Input Unit Output Unit
CU
INPUT UNIT: ALU
Input unit is used to feed the data to the computer. Keyboard of the computer is the best
example of input unit. Whatever typed on keyboard will store in the computer’s memory for
later processing.
The Function of input unit are:
Accept data from outside word
It convert these instructions and data in computer acceptableform
Supply the converted data to the computer system for later processing
2. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT:
Central processing unit is the heart of any computer. This is the unit where data is stored
processed and performed arithmetic and logical operations. The control unit and arithmetic &
logical unit of a computer system are jointly known as CPU. It also responsible for activating
and controlling the operations of other units of a computer.
3. MAIN MEMORY UNIT: This unit is also known as primary memory unit, It is the storage
space used to store the input data the user program and intermediate results. The information
store in this memory will be available as long as the power supplied is connected to the
computer. In order to avoid this inconvenience the SECONDARY MEMORY DEVICES or the
AUXILLARY or EXTERNAL MEMORY DEVICES are used which does not need power all the time.
, 4. CONTROL UNIT: This unit analyses each instruction in the program and sends the relevant
control signals to all other unit. This is the unit, which will read and understand the users
program and performs the tasks as per the instruction written in the program.
ARITHEMATIC & LOGICAL UNIT: The ALU contains electronic circuits necessary to perform
arithmetic calculation and logical operations. Such as comparing and evaluating the given data
(using + - / * < > signs) after performing all the operations the results will be sent back and
stored again in memory unit, if desired.
OUTPUT UNIT: this unit is used to produce the output result of the processed input data. The
result may be obtained on any one of the following output devices screen, printer and disk.
The functions of output unit are:
It accepts the results produced by the computer which are in coded form.
convert these coded results to human acceptable form.
Supplies the converted result to the outside world.
3. Explain input and output devices.
INPUT DEVICES:
Keyboard: The keyboard is the most commonly used input device. It is closely
resembles a typewriter. While working on the PC using a keyboard, you will notice a
flashing point on the VDU. This is the cursor. When you press a key on the keyboard, a
character is displayed at the point where the cursor is flashing and the cursor moves one
position forward. The keyboard provides different keys to perform various operations.
The keyboard contains A to Z alphabets, 0 to 9 digits, special control characters. In
addition to these keys, keyboard will have some special Function keys’ starting from f1
to f12 appears at the top of the keyboard. Each one has a specific function to perform.
The functions of these keys are changed according to software used, Numeric pad key,
and arrow keys to move the cursor from top to bottom and left to right.
Mouse: One of the most popular input devices is mouse. It is used as pointing
device. If you move the mouse in a particular direction the pointer will also move in
same direction. It is a small box, with a round ball at the bottom and three buttons on
the top called left, right and middle button. These buttons are used to perform various
functions depending on the way in which the software has been developed. By focusing
the pointer on a particular icon or file and clicking the mouse, the file or icon will
opened like a window.
Scanner: Scanners are basically input devices that are capable of recognizing marks or
character. They are used to direct data entry into the camp system.
Joy Stick: It is a type of input device used to play the video games. The Joystick
controls the cursor movements the cursor movements with the help of digital signals
which we send to the computer.
1. Write about the features of computers.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS:
Speed: The computer has developed as a high-speed calculating machine, which
perform many complex operations. In order to perform large calculations at a high
speed today’s computer uses electric pulses, which travels at incredible speeds giving us
results instantaneously. The computer can process data in millisecond, microsecond
depending upon the processor
Accuracy: A computer is a highly dependable machine and can produce accurate
result. The accuracy of a computer is consistently high and the degree of accuracy of a
computer depends upon its design. But for a particular computer, each and every
calculation are performed with the same accuracy.
Error can occur in a computer, but these are mainly due to human rather than
technological weaknesses. The accuracy of the computer based on GIGO (Garbage in
Garbage out) concept i.e., if the user send incorrect or insufficient information will get
wrong result.
Diligence: a computer has no mechanical parts which undergo stress or tiredness and
maintain its accuracy and speed for millions of instructions and will do repetitive
operations with the same efficiency and will give a continuous standard output. These
characteristics make a computer ideal in industries as it performs millions of operations
with efficiency.
Versatility: It is the most wonderful thing about computer. One moment it is preparing
the results of a particular examination, the next moment it is busy preparing electricity
bills, and in between it may be printing a office document. All that required changing its
talent is to slip in a new program into it. Briefly, a computer is capable of performing
almost any task provided to it.
Storage: One of the most important characteristics of a computer is its storing
capacity. No doubt human brain can also store information correctly but it storing
capacity is limited. But computer Stores large amount of and long term data and can be
retrieve at any time. A computer can store and recall any amount of information
because of its secondary storage capability. Every piece of information can be retained
as long as desired by the user and can be recalled as and when required. Even after
several years, the information recalled would be as accurate as on the day when it was
fed to the computer. A computer losses certain information only when it is asked to do
so.
, Automatic: a computer is an automatic machine once the information provided to it,
human intervention does not required.
No Feeling: Based on our knowledge and experience we make certain judgment in our
daily life but computer does not make such judgment on its own. Judgment is based on
the instruction given to them in the form of program that are written by the user.
Network: the computer can communicate with other computer and can received and
send data in various forms like text, sound, video and graphics. This ability of computer
to communicate to one another has lead to the development of computer networks,
Internet etc.
2. Define computer? Draw the block diagram of computer and explain its parts.
The internal architectural design of computers differs from one system model to another.
However, the basic organization remains the same for all computer system.
All computer systems perform the following five basic operations:
CPU
MMU
Input Unit Output Unit
CU
INPUT UNIT: ALU
Input unit is used to feed the data to the computer. Keyboard of the computer is the best
example of input unit. Whatever typed on keyboard will store in the computer’s memory for
later processing.
The Function of input unit are:
Accept data from outside word
It convert these instructions and data in computer acceptableform
Supply the converted data to the computer system for later processing
2. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT:
Central processing unit is the heart of any computer. This is the unit where data is stored
processed and performed arithmetic and logical operations. The control unit and arithmetic &
logical unit of a computer system are jointly known as CPU. It also responsible for activating
and controlling the operations of other units of a computer.
3. MAIN MEMORY UNIT: This unit is also known as primary memory unit, It is the storage
space used to store the input data the user program and intermediate results. The information
store in this memory will be available as long as the power supplied is connected to the
computer. In order to avoid this inconvenience the SECONDARY MEMORY DEVICES or the
AUXILLARY or EXTERNAL MEMORY DEVICES are used which does not need power all the time.
, 4. CONTROL UNIT: This unit analyses each instruction in the program and sends the relevant
control signals to all other unit. This is the unit, which will read and understand the users
program and performs the tasks as per the instruction written in the program.
ARITHEMATIC & LOGICAL UNIT: The ALU contains electronic circuits necessary to perform
arithmetic calculation and logical operations. Such as comparing and evaluating the given data
(using + - / * < > signs) after performing all the operations the results will be sent back and
stored again in memory unit, if desired.
OUTPUT UNIT: this unit is used to produce the output result of the processed input data. The
result may be obtained on any one of the following output devices screen, printer and disk.
The functions of output unit are:
It accepts the results produced by the computer which are in coded form.
convert these coded results to human acceptable form.
Supplies the converted result to the outside world.
3. Explain input and output devices.
INPUT DEVICES:
Keyboard: The keyboard is the most commonly used input device. It is closely
resembles a typewriter. While working on the PC using a keyboard, you will notice a
flashing point on the VDU. This is the cursor. When you press a key on the keyboard, a
character is displayed at the point where the cursor is flashing and the cursor moves one
position forward. The keyboard provides different keys to perform various operations.
The keyboard contains A to Z alphabets, 0 to 9 digits, special control characters. In
addition to these keys, keyboard will have some special Function keys’ starting from f1
to f12 appears at the top of the keyboard. Each one has a specific function to perform.
The functions of these keys are changed according to software used, Numeric pad key,
and arrow keys to move the cursor from top to bottom and left to right.
Mouse: One of the most popular input devices is mouse. It is used as pointing
device. If you move the mouse in a particular direction the pointer will also move in
same direction. It is a small box, with a round ball at the bottom and three buttons on
the top called left, right and middle button. These buttons are used to perform various
functions depending on the way in which the software has been developed. By focusing
the pointer on a particular icon or file and clicking the mouse, the file or icon will
opened like a window.
Scanner: Scanners are basically input devices that are capable of recognizing marks or
character. They are used to direct data entry into the camp system.
Joy Stick: It is a type of input device used to play the video games. The Joystick
controls the cursor movements the cursor movements with the help of digital signals
which we send to the computer.
