BS 161 FINAL EXAM NEWEST EXAM COMPLETE 280
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Which argument best defends a characteristic of the solute seen on the right? -
ANSWER: The solute is hydrophobic because there are is no observable evidence of
electrostatic interactions between the partially charged atoms of the water molecule
and the solute
What best describes a lipid? - ANSWER: a molecule that does not dissolve well in
water
The flow of information in a cell proceeds in what sequence? - ANSWER: DNA is a
template to make RNA, RNA is a template to make proteins
What processes occur in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell? - ANSWER: Transcription
and RNA processing
What is represented in the image on the right? - ANSWER: an aminoacyl-tRNA
synthetase charging a tRNA
What accurately identifies the template strands for these genes? - ANSWER: Strand 1
is the template strand for the histone gene and strand 2 is the template strand for
the transporter gene
what aspect of nucleic acid structure is important in determining which strand is the
template strand? - ANSWER: double stranded nucleic acids are antiparallel
what additional reasoning is needed to completely explain which strand is used as
the template strand? - ANSWER: RNA polymerase moves from the promoter to the
terminator adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the new RNA
The building block on the right is used to produce what type of polymer? - ANSWER:
RNA
How should the side chain of the amino acid depicted on the right be classified and
why should it be classified this way? - ANSWER: It should be classified as polar
because the side chain contains atoms with significantly different electronegativies
which form polar bonds.
Prokaryotic protein synthesis is faster than eukaryotic protein synthesis. What
characteristic of prokaryotic transcription and translation makes the overall process
faster than in eukaryotes? - ANSWER: Prokaryotes lack a nucleus so translation of an
mRNA can begin even before transcription of the mRNA is complete.
,What correctly lists the components necessary for transcription? - ANSWER: RNA
polymerase, DNA, and RNA nucleotides
What do you predict would happen if an aminoacyl tRNA synthetase was mutated so
that it always attached the wrong amino acid to its tRNA? - ANSWER: The cell would
die because this would create errors in most proteins and erupt their function
In an effort to determine which type of molecule contained the genetic information,
scientists treated extracts from dead virulent bacteria with enzymes, incubated the
treated extracts with live non virulent bacteria, and checked for production of
virulent bacteria. Which type of enzyme prevented production of virulent bacteria? -
ANSWER: DNase
What role do the functional groups in the peptide bond play in alpha helices? -
ANSWER: They form hydrogen bonds with functional groups in other peptide bonds
of nearby amino acids
What of the four levels of protein structure is represented in the image to the right?
- ANSWER: Tertiary
What level of protein structure involves IMFs between two different polypeptide
chains? - ANSWER: Quaternary
What type of molecule is depicted on the left and what features make it this type of
molecule? - ANSWER: It is a disaccharide because it is made up of two
monosaccharides
What statement below most likely describes the role of amino acid 87 in the
structure and function of this enzyme? - ANSWER: This interaction between amino
acid 87 and 35 causes the polypeptide to fold into a specific tertiary shape.
when the Substrate binds to the enzyme, amino acid 90 is interacting with the
hydroxyl group on the Substrate. What type of interaction is most likely taking place
between amino acid 90 and the Substrate? - ANSWER: Hydrogen bonding
you think that amino 50 is interacting with the NH3+ the substrate. Using this
hypothesis, which of the following amino acids would you predict might be found at
position 50 and why might you make this prediction? - ANSWER: Aspartic acid
because it will form a favorable ionic interaction with the substrate.
what do you predict would happen in cells where a mutation changed amino acid 50
to a different amino acid that cannot interact with the amino group and why would
this happen? - ANSWER: The cells would divide more rapidly because the structure
of the protein determines the function of the protein.
, In eukaryotes, what determines where transcription starts? - ANSWER: General
transcription factors interact with promoters and bind to RNA polymerase indicating
where transcription starts.
What are critical regions of a tRNA molecule? - ANSWER: amino acid attachment site
and anticodon loop
Alternative splicing allows for: - ANSWER: different polypeptides to be made from a
single gene
Alternative splicing means that: - ANSWER: different spliced forms contain different
combinations of exons
Depicted here are five codons from the coding strand of DNA and the very short
peptide they encode:original DNA sequence: 5'ATG-TCT-AAC-TTA-TAA 3'
protein sequence: Met-Ser-Asn-Leu-STOP
A mutation adds the nucleotide T between the first and second codons in the DNA
sequence creating a mutant version of the gene.
- What will happen to the length of the mRNA produced from the mutant version of
this gene? - ANSWER: It will be one nucleotide longer because RNA poly does not
read codons
Depicted here are five codons from the coding strand of DNA and the very short
peptide they encode:original DNA sequence: 5'ATG-TCT-AAC-TTA-TAA 3'
protein sequence: Met-Ser-Asn-Leu-STOP
A mutation adds the nucleotide T between the first and second codons in the DNA
sequence creating a mutant version of the gene.
- What will happen to the length of the protein produced from the mutant version of
this gene? - ANSWER: It will be shorter because the third codon is now a stop codon
which will cause translation to end
Depicted here are five codons from the coding strand of DNA and the very short
peptide they encode:original DNA sequence: 5'ATG-TCT-AAC-TTA-TAA 3'
protein sequence: Met-Ser-Asn-Leu-STOP
A mutation adds the nucleotide T between the first and second codons in the DNA
sequence creating a mutant version of the gene.
- What best describes the impact of having extra nucleotide in this gene? - ANSWER:
The extra nucleotide causes a shift in the reading frames
Explain how information is encoded in the structure of DNA
- The importance of IMF's in DNA
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Which argument best defends a characteristic of the solute seen on the right? -
ANSWER: The solute is hydrophobic because there are is no observable evidence of
electrostatic interactions between the partially charged atoms of the water molecule
and the solute
What best describes a lipid? - ANSWER: a molecule that does not dissolve well in
water
The flow of information in a cell proceeds in what sequence? - ANSWER: DNA is a
template to make RNA, RNA is a template to make proteins
What processes occur in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell? - ANSWER: Transcription
and RNA processing
What is represented in the image on the right? - ANSWER: an aminoacyl-tRNA
synthetase charging a tRNA
What accurately identifies the template strands for these genes? - ANSWER: Strand 1
is the template strand for the histone gene and strand 2 is the template strand for
the transporter gene
what aspect of nucleic acid structure is important in determining which strand is the
template strand? - ANSWER: double stranded nucleic acids are antiparallel
what additional reasoning is needed to completely explain which strand is used as
the template strand? - ANSWER: RNA polymerase moves from the promoter to the
terminator adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the new RNA
The building block on the right is used to produce what type of polymer? - ANSWER:
RNA
How should the side chain of the amino acid depicted on the right be classified and
why should it be classified this way? - ANSWER: It should be classified as polar
because the side chain contains atoms with significantly different electronegativies
which form polar bonds.
Prokaryotic protein synthesis is faster than eukaryotic protein synthesis. What
characteristic of prokaryotic transcription and translation makes the overall process
faster than in eukaryotes? - ANSWER: Prokaryotes lack a nucleus so translation of an
mRNA can begin even before transcription of the mRNA is complete.
,What correctly lists the components necessary for transcription? - ANSWER: RNA
polymerase, DNA, and RNA nucleotides
What do you predict would happen if an aminoacyl tRNA synthetase was mutated so
that it always attached the wrong amino acid to its tRNA? - ANSWER: The cell would
die because this would create errors in most proteins and erupt their function
In an effort to determine which type of molecule contained the genetic information,
scientists treated extracts from dead virulent bacteria with enzymes, incubated the
treated extracts with live non virulent bacteria, and checked for production of
virulent bacteria. Which type of enzyme prevented production of virulent bacteria? -
ANSWER: DNase
What role do the functional groups in the peptide bond play in alpha helices? -
ANSWER: They form hydrogen bonds with functional groups in other peptide bonds
of nearby amino acids
What of the four levels of protein structure is represented in the image to the right?
- ANSWER: Tertiary
What level of protein structure involves IMFs between two different polypeptide
chains? - ANSWER: Quaternary
What type of molecule is depicted on the left and what features make it this type of
molecule? - ANSWER: It is a disaccharide because it is made up of two
monosaccharides
What statement below most likely describes the role of amino acid 87 in the
structure and function of this enzyme? - ANSWER: This interaction between amino
acid 87 and 35 causes the polypeptide to fold into a specific tertiary shape.
when the Substrate binds to the enzyme, amino acid 90 is interacting with the
hydroxyl group on the Substrate. What type of interaction is most likely taking place
between amino acid 90 and the Substrate? - ANSWER: Hydrogen bonding
you think that amino 50 is interacting with the NH3+ the substrate. Using this
hypothesis, which of the following amino acids would you predict might be found at
position 50 and why might you make this prediction? - ANSWER: Aspartic acid
because it will form a favorable ionic interaction with the substrate.
what do you predict would happen in cells where a mutation changed amino acid 50
to a different amino acid that cannot interact with the amino group and why would
this happen? - ANSWER: The cells would divide more rapidly because the structure
of the protein determines the function of the protein.
, In eukaryotes, what determines where transcription starts? - ANSWER: General
transcription factors interact with promoters and bind to RNA polymerase indicating
where transcription starts.
What are critical regions of a tRNA molecule? - ANSWER: amino acid attachment site
and anticodon loop
Alternative splicing allows for: - ANSWER: different polypeptides to be made from a
single gene
Alternative splicing means that: - ANSWER: different spliced forms contain different
combinations of exons
Depicted here are five codons from the coding strand of DNA and the very short
peptide they encode:original DNA sequence: 5'ATG-TCT-AAC-TTA-TAA 3'
protein sequence: Met-Ser-Asn-Leu-STOP
A mutation adds the nucleotide T between the first and second codons in the DNA
sequence creating a mutant version of the gene.
- What will happen to the length of the mRNA produced from the mutant version of
this gene? - ANSWER: It will be one nucleotide longer because RNA poly does not
read codons
Depicted here are five codons from the coding strand of DNA and the very short
peptide they encode:original DNA sequence: 5'ATG-TCT-AAC-TTA-TAA 3'
protein sequence: Met-Ser-Asn-Leu-STOP
A mutation adds the nucleotide T between the first and second codons in the DNA
sequence creating a mutant version of the gene.
- What will happen to the length of the protein produced from the mutant version of
this gene? - ANSWER: It will be shorter because the third codon is now a stop codon
which will cause translation to end
Depicted here are five codons from the coding strand of DNA and the very short
peptide they encode:original DNA sequence: 5'ATG-TCT-AAC-TTA-TAA 3'
protein sequence: Met-Ser-Asn-Leu-STOP
A mutation adds the nucleotide T between the first and second codons in the DNA
sequence creating a mutant version of the gene.
- What best describes the impact of having extra nucleotide in this gene? - ANSWER:
The extra nucleotide causes a shift in the reading frames
Explain how information is encoded in the structure of DNA
- The importance of IMF's in DNA
