History summary 5.1, 5.2, 5.4
5.1 Congres of Vienna
After Napoleon’s defeat, the leader of Europe never wanted a French revolution like that again. They
tried to restore their power = the Restoration
1. They reversed democratic reforms and restored kings.
2. They surrounded France with bigger countries Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg were
merged.
5.1 Nationalism
In the 19th century (1800-1900) people started feeling more as if they belonged to one
people/nation: a group with the same culture, language and history
Nationalism = love for your own nation, or that groups want their own state. In that time, many
groups lived together in big states, ant hey will fight wars for their own states.
5.1 Militarism
= the idea that wars were good.
In the German states militarism and nationalism led to the merging of several German-speaking
states into one big German Empire in the year 1871, with the leaders Kaiser Wilhelm I and
chancellor Otto van Bismarck. It had a strong industry, modern rail network and powerful army. The
same happened in Italy.
5.1 Netherlands
Belgium hated being a part of the Netherlands: they had a different religions, languages and history.
Moreover, Belgium was way more industrialized and richer.
1830 the Belgiums revolted against king William I. William I even starts a short was, but loses:
Belgium became an independent country with their own king.
5.2 Modern Imperialism
1500-1870: European countries founded trading posts in Africa and Asia for gold, spices, slaves, etc.
Then, they expanded their trading posts to entire empirescolonial empires.
1870-1900: the period of modern imperialism = European countries conquered large parts of Asia
and Africa. Imperialism = the desire to have a large empire.
5.2 Reasons to conquer
1. Economic: Get raw materials from your colonies, sell goods to people in your colony.
2. Technological: our guns, ships and telegraphs were better.
3. Power and status
4. Development: ‘Whites’ were ‘superior’, so we needed to educate, and convert to
Christianity, the ‘poor blacks’ = superior thinking.
5.1 Congres of Vienna
After Napoleon’s defeat, the leader of Europe never wanted a French revolution like that again. They
tried to restore their power = the Restoration
1. They reversed democratic reforms and restored kings.
2. They surrounded France with bigger countries Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg were
merged.
5.1 Nationalism
In the 19th century (1800-1900) people started feeling more as if they belonged to one
people/nation: a group with the same culture, language and history
Nationalism = love for your own nation, or that groups want their own state. In that time, many
groups lived together in big states, ant hey will fight wars for their own states.
5.1 Militarism
= the idea that wars were good.
In the German states militarism and nationalism led to the merging of several German-speaking
states into one big German Empire in the year 1871, with the leaders Kaiser Wilhelm I and
chancellor Otto van Bismarck. It had a strong industry, modern rail network and powerful army. The
same happened in Italy.
5.1 Netherlands
Belgium hated being a part of the Netherlands: they had a different religions, languages and history.
Moreover, Belgium was way more industrialized and richer.
1830 the Belgiums revolted against king William I. William I even starts a short was, but loses:
Belgium became an independent country with their own king.
5.2 Modern Imperialism
1500-1870: European countries founded trading posts in Africa and Asia for gold, spices, slaves, etc.
Then, they expanded their trading posts to entire empirescolonial empires.
1870-1900: the period of modern imperialism = European countries conquered large parts of Asia
and Africa. Imperialism = the desire to have a large empire.
5.2 Reasons to conquer
1. Economic: Get raw materials from your colonies, sell goods to people in your colony.
2. Technological: our guns, ships and telegraphs were better.
3. Power and status
4. Development: ‘Whites’ were ‘superior’, so we needed to educate, and convert to
Christianity, the ‘poor blacks’ = superior thinking.
