NUR 3145 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
13. What does the "expected therapeutic outcome" of a drug
mean? Correct Answers It is a positive change in a faulty
physiologic system, goal of drug therapy, Clinical status of
patient appropriate for condition
4. Why is cytochrome P-450 so important? Correct Answers o
Microsomal enzymes; aid in metabolism of medications; target
lipid soluble (non-polar, lipophilic, fat-loving) drugs, which are
typically difficult to eliminate
Acute Therapy Correct Answers -more intense drug treatment
- often needed to sustain life or treat disease
-Ex: administration of vasopressors to maintain BP in CO after
heart surgery, chemotherapy for cancer patient
admin of oral/ bucal medication Correct Answers Sublingual-
absorbed in highly vascularized tissue under the tongue- oral
mucosa.
Nitroglycerin is an example... absorbed rapidly bc area under
tongue has big blood supply. ..bypass liver so bioavailable.
Buccal- administered in oral muscosa btw cheeks and
gum ..absorbed rapidl into blood and delivered to their site of
action like coronary arteries
Sublingual and buccal prevent destruction of the drugs in GI
tract, and allow for rapid absorption in blood theu oral Musca
,membranes..instruct patient to swallow after drug is
dissolved..not taken with fluids. For buccal, alternate sides with
each does to reduce irritation.
adverse reaction: Drug-induced teratogenesis Correct
Answers : cause fetal structural defects; BLACK BOX
WARNING
Adverse reaction: Idiosyncratic reaction: Correct Answers
occurs unexpectedly in individual patient; genetically inherited
traits
adverse reaction: Mutagenic effects: Correct Answers
permanently changes genetic composition of living cells
Adverse reactions: carcinogenic reactions Correct Answers
cancer causing
adverse reactions: drug-drug interactions Correct Answers
when two or more drugs come together and either work together
to create a synergistic, antagonistic, or additive effect
African-Americans Correct Answers Less responsive to beta
blockers
Asian Americans Correct Answers Greater clearance rates of
codeine
Autonomy Correct Answers Self-determination
Ability to make your own decisions
, Ex: promoting a patients decision making, supporting informed
consent, and assisting in decisions or making a decision when a
patient is posing harm to themsevles
Barriers to elderly medication management: Correct Answers
Polypharmacy
Difficulty taking prescribed dosage form
Drug side effects
Adverse drug reactions
Knowledge deficit
Potential stigma (antidepressants)
Beneficence Correct Answers doing good or actively
promoting good
ex: determining how the patient is best served
Chronic/Acute Disease Correct Answers Multiple
comorbidities
Chronic heart failure
Diabetes
HIV+
AIDS
Competitive antagonist: Correct Answers compete with agonist
for binding; if it binds, there is no effect
confidentiality Correct Answers Share no secrets unless need to
know
13. What does the "expected therapeutic outcome" of a drug
mean? Correct Answers It is a positive change in a faulty
physiologic system, goal of drug therapy, Clinical status of
patient appropriate for condition
4. Why is cytochrome P-450 so important? Correct Answers o
Microsomal enzymes; aid in metabolism of medications; target
lipid soluble (non-polar, lipophilic, fat-loving) drugs, which are
typically difficult to eliminate
Acute Therapy Correct Answers -more intense drug treatment
- often needed to sustain life or treat disease
-Ex: administration of vasopressors to maintain BP in CO after
heart surgery, chemotherapy for cancer patient
admin of oral/ bucal medication Correct Answers Sublingual-
absorbed in highly vascularized tissue under the tongue- oral
mucosa.
Nitroglycerin is an example... absorbed rapidly bc area under
tongue has big blood supply. ..bypass liver so bioavailable.
Buccal- administered in oral muscosa btw cheeks and
gum ..absorbed rapidl into blood and delivered to their site of
action like coronary arteries
Sublingual and buccal prevent destruction of the drugs in GI
tract, and allow for rapid absorption in blood theu oral Musca
,membranes..instruct patient to swallow after drug is
dissolved..not taken with fluids. For buccal, alternate sides with
each does to reduce irritation.
adverse reaction: Drug-induced teratogenesis Correct
Answers : cause fetal structural defects; BLACK BOX
WARNING
Adverse reaction: Idiosyncratic reaction: Correct Answers
occurs unexpectedly in individual patient; genetically inherited
traits
adverse reaction: Mutagenic effects: Correct Answers
permanently changes genetic composition of living cells
Adverse reactions: carcinogenic reactions Correct Answers
cancer causing
adverse reactions: drug-drug interactions Correct Answers
when two or more drugs come together and either work together
to create a synergistic, antagonistic, or additive effect
African-Americans Correct Answers Less responsive to beta
blockers
Asian Americans Correct Answers Greater clearance rates of
codeine
Autonomy Correct Answers Self-determination
Ability to make your own decisions
, Ex: promoting a patients decision making, supporting informed
consent, and assisting in decisions or making a decision when a
patient is posing harm to themsevles
Barriers to elderly medication management: Correct Answers
Polypharmacy
Difficulty taking prescribed dosage form
Drug side effects
Adverse drug reactions
Knowledge deficit
Potential stigma (antidepressants)
Beneficence Correct Answers doing good or actively
promoting good
ex: determining how the patient is best served
Chronic/Acute Disease Correct Answers Multiple
comorbidities
Chronic heart failure
Diabetes
HIV+
AIDS
Competitive antagonist: Correct Answers compete with agonist
for binding; if it binds, there is no effect
confidentiality Correct Answers Share no secrets unless need to
know
