Test Bank Unit 2: Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing 6th Edition Linda S. Williams Paula D. Hopper ||Chapter 6 - 13

Test Bank Unit 2: Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing 6th Edition Linda S. Williams Paula D. Hopper Chapter 6. Nursing Care of Patients With Flu trolyte, and Acid–Base Imbalances Chapter 6. Nursing Care of Patients With Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Imbalances Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A patient is prescribed an electrolyte replacement. How should the nurse explain the pu electrolyte to the patient? a. Any substance that enhances a chemical reaction b. A chemical that can conduct electricity when dissolved in water c. A substance that uses electrical current to attach to receptor sites d. A substance secreted by a gland and carries messages to target tissues 2. A student nurse is reviewing the use of intravenous (IV) fluids for a school paper. Which should the student use to explain the process of diffusion? a. The expenditure of energy to transport a solute b. The movement of solute and water caused by hydrostatic pressure differences c. Movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lesser concentratio d. Movement of water from an area of lesser concentration to an area of higher concentration 3. The nurse is preparing to provide a patient with an IV fluid that has a lower osmolarity t Which type of fluid should the nurse document that the patient is going to receive? a. Isotonic b. Hypotonic c. Hypertonic d. Hydrophobic lOMoARcPSD| 5. An older patient with a colostomy was admitted for weakness, nausea, vomiting, and loo Which action should the nurse take first to determine the effectiveness of this patient’s care? a. Weigh the patient. b. Measure urine specific gravity. c. Check a pulse oximetry reading. d. Determine the creatinine clearance. 6. An older adult with gastroenteritis is disoriented and weak and has the following labora Hct 56% (normal 40% to 51%) BUN 32 mg/dL (normal 6 mg/dL to 20 mg/dL) Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse select for this patient? a. Risk for injury b. Excess fluid volume c. Deficient fluid volume d. Impaired skin integrity 7. A patient with hypertension is placed on a low-sodium diet. The nurse recognizes that fu is necessary if the patient chooses which menu? a. Pork chop, steamed brown rice, and fruit cocktail b. Broiled salmon, mashed sweet potato, broccoli, and pumpkin pie c. Tomato soup, grilled cheese sandwich, salad, and chocolate chip cookie d. Grilled chicken, boiled potatoes, frozen green beans, and gelatin dessert 8. An older adult patient has an IV infusion of 0.45% normal saline infusing at 150 mL/hr. W ment finding should cause the nurse to be most concerned? a. Tenderness at the IV site b. Capillary refill is 3 seconds c. Urine specific gravity is 1.018 d. Newly noted crackles in the lungs 9. A patient with a history of renal failure is admitted to the hospital because of decreasing and a potassium level of 5.9 mEq/L. Which food should the nurse teach the patient to avoid? a. Gelatin b. Potatoes c. Zucchini d. White bread 10. A patient is diagnosed with an abnormal potassium level. Which complication should t for in this patient? a. Cardiac arrest lOMoARcPSD| 11. A 22-year-old patieSh- Tihne flMaarkmetpmlacae ttooBruyy abndoSwelleyoludr SistuedyaMsaeterhialas been having 16 or more sto Which symptom should the nurse expect to find during the assessment? a. Dyspnea and crackles in the lungs b. Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit c. Bounding pulse and increased blood pressure d. Furrows of the tongue and sticky mucous membranes 12. A patient with severe diarrhea has a potassium imbalance. Which symptoms should th the patient to demonstration because of this imbalance? a. Shallow respirations, lethargy, nausea b. Pitting edema, confusion, bounding pulse c. Apathy, weakness, positive Chvostek’s sign d. Kussmaul’s breathing, thirst, furrowed tongue 13. A patient with acute abdominal pain has a serum potassium level of 2 mEq/L. What sh do first? a. Call the physician STAT. b. Administer a Kayexalate enema. c. Document the result on the chart. d. Notify the physician during morning rounds. 14. The nurse is preparing diet teaching for a female patient who is postmenopausal, weig is 5 feet 1 inch tall. Which food should the nurse encourage the patient consume? a. Red meat b. Fresh fruits c. Whole grains d. Dairy products 15. A patient develops an irregular heart rate, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea after a th Which emergency medication should the nurse anticipate being prescribed for this patient? a. Furosemide (Lasix) b. Calcium gluconate c. Potassium chloride d. Diazepam (Valium) 16. The nurse is testing a patient for the presence of Trousseau’s sign. Which patient respo nurse recognize as a positive result? a. Weakness of the arm b. Pain in the arm and hand c. Spasticity of the arm and fingers d. Redness of the arm below the cuff lOMoARcPSD| 18. While assessing an older adult patient with fluid excess, the nurse notes the following: 92, R = 18, BP = 166/88 mm Hg, bilateral crackles, oxygen saturation = 95%. Which action shoul first? a. Provide oxygen at 2 L per nasal cannula. b. Place the patient in a high Fowler’s position. c. Provide a urinal and encourage the patient to void. d. Lay the patient flat in bed to listen to bowel sounds. 19. A patient is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). Which electrolyte should the nurse monitor cause of this medication? a. Calcium b. Potassium c. Phosphate d. Magnesium 20. An older patient is admitted for treatment of fluid volume excess. For which serious re cation of fluid volume excess should the nurse assess this patient? a. Pulmonary edema b. Pulmonary infarction c. Pulmonary fibrosis d. Pulmonary embolism 21. The nurse is caring for a patient who is being treating for fluid volume excess. Which as ing indicates that treatment has been effective? a. Respiratory rate 24/min b. Output 1500 mL in 24 hours c. Blood pressure 132/80 mm Hg d. Weight loss of 5 lb in 24 hours 22. The nurse learns that a patient’s serum pH is less than 6.35. The nurse should plan car the following health problems? a. Acidosis b. Alkalosis c. Fluid volume excess d. Fluid volume deficit 23. A patient is hypoventilating and retaining carbon dioxide. On which acid-base imbalanc nurse focus when caring for this patient? a. Metabolic acidosis b. Metabolic alkalosis c. Respiratory acidosis d. Respiratory alkalosis lOMoARcPSD| 25. A patient having a severe anxiety attack has an arterial blood gas result showing respir Which nursing action should the nurse take first? a. Administer nasal oxygen at 6 L/min. b. Give the patient a glass of orange juice. c. Place the patient in high Fowler’s position. d. Have the patient rebreathe air from a paper bag. 26. A patient has been prescribed furosemide (Lasix). Which foods should the nurse recom tient consume while taking this medication? a. Eggs and broths b. Potatoes and fruits c. Breads and cereals d. Pasta and cream soups 27. After an assessment, the nurse determines that a patient is at risk for respiratory acido health problem did the nurse assess to come to this conclusion? a. Anxiety b. Diabetes c. Kidney failure d. Chronic lung disease 28. The nurse is reviewing the composition of the body cells with a young adult patient ad ment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should teach the patient that which of the followin mate percentage of water in the young adult body? a. 50% b. 60% c. 70% d. 80% 29. The nurse instructs a patient on how to safely take 20 mEq of an oral potassium supple patient statement indicates that teaching has been successful? a. “I should crush the potassium tablets.” b. “I should mix this medication in 4 ounces of juice.” c. “I should use a salt substitute while taking this medication.” d. “I should expect to be nauseated and vomit when taking this medication.” lOMoARcPSD| Multiple Response Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question. 31. A patient with hypertension is advised to follow a low-sodium diet. If chosen by the pat foods indicate further teaching is necessary? (Select all that apply.) a. Coffee b. Pretzels c. Lemonade d. Applesauce e. Tomato juice f. Dried black beans 32. The nurse is preparing to assess an older patient for fluid balance. Which areas of the nurse use to assess for skin turgor? (Select all that apply.) a. Hand b. Sternum c. Forearm d. Forehead e. Upper thig