RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST
ACTUAL EXAM 200 FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
On an electrocardiogram (EKG), the P wave represents which of the following?
A) Atrial depolarization
B) Ventricular depolarization
C) Atrial repolarization
D) Ventricular repolarization - ANSWER: A) Atrial depolarization
Select all that apply. Which lab values are incorrect?
A. Na+ 135-145
B. K+ 2.3-2.9
C. Mg 1.8-2.4
D. Calcium 2-3 - ANSWER: B. K+ 2.3-2.9
D. Calcium 2-3
What electrolyte, if too high or low, can cause cardiac arrhythmias?
A. Mg
B. Na+
C. K+
D. Ca - ANSWER: C. K+
A patient has ABGS as follows: pH 7.28, PaC02 59, HC03 24, PaO2 85. This would be
diagnosed as
A. Respiratory acidosis with hypoxemia
B. Respiratory alkalosis with hypoxemia
C. Metabolic acidosis with hypoxemia
D. Metabolic alkalosis with hypoxemia - ANSWER: A. Respiratory acidosis with
hypoxemia
This type of cell is found in all the tissues of the body, and as part of the
inflammatory response, releases histamine, prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
A. Leukocyte
B. Mast cell
C. CD4 helper cell
D. Macrophage - ANSWER: B. Mast cell
An increase in the size of cells in an organ is known as
A. Neoplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Apoptosis - ANSWER: B. Hyperplasia
,The organelle in the cell that is responsible for producing ATP (Adenosine
triphosphate) is the
A. Golgi body
B. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Ribosome
D. Mitochondria - ANSWER: D. Mitochondria
Homeostasis is defined as:
A. A state of equilibrium in an organism
B. A blood clotting mechanism
C. Part of the inflammatory process
D. Cellular adaptation - ANSWER: A. A state of equilibrium in an organism
A benign tumor usually metastasizes.
A. True
B. False - ANSWER: B. False
A malignant growth tends to produce (SAA)
A. Anaplastic cells
B. Metastatic tumors
C. Undifferentiated cells
D. Cells that invade the basement membrane of an organ - ANSWER: All of the above
The ion imbalance that is responsible for raising or lowering the pH is:
A. Potassium
B. Hydrogen
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium - ANSWER: B. Hydrogen
This cell engulfs bacteria and destroys them:
A. Phagocyte
B. Neutrophil
C. Granulocyte
D. Eosinophil - ANSWER: A. Phagocyte
This type of WBC is usually elevated with nasal allergies
A. Basophil
B. Mast cells
C. Macrophage
D. Neutrophil - ANSWER: A. Basophil
The patient's WBC count is 18. This would indicate:
A. Anemia
B. Allergic reaction
C. Infection
D. Anemia - ANSWER: C. Infection
,The first stage of the GAS syndrome results in (Select all that apply)
A. Epinephrine release
B. Constriction of pupils
C. Increased blood pressure
D. Bradycardia
E. Tachycardia - ANSWER: A. Epinephrine release
C. Increased blood pressure
E. Tachycardia
An example of artificially acquired active immunity would be
A. An influenza vaccination
B. A tetanus antitoxin after stepping on rusty metal
C. Taking an antibiotic for an infection
D. An IV infusion of IgG - ANSWER: A. An influenza vaccination
A low count of this type of cell may indicate that HIV has progressed to AIDS.
A. T cells
B. CD4 helper cells
C. B cells
D. Complement complexes - ANSWER: B. CD4 helper cells
B cells mature in the _________________, T cells mature in the ________________.
A. Hypothalamus, thymus
B. Thymus, Endocrine glands
C. Bone marrow, thymus
D. Cardiovascular system, respiratory system - ANSWER: C. Bone marrow, thymus
This makes the body's temperature elevate in response to macrophages that have
been exposed to bacteria.
A. Leukocytes
B. Pyrogens
C. Interferons
D. Inflammatory response. - ANSWER: B. Pyrogens
The first WBC to arrive after injury
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Macrophages
D. Monocytes - ANSWER: A. Neutrophils
A patient has a serum creatinine level of 2.5 mg/dL, a serum potassium level of 6
mmol/L, an arterial pH of 7.32, and a urine output of 250 mL/day. Which phase of
acute renal failure is the patient experiencing?
A) Intrarenal
B) Postrenal
C) Oliguric
D) Recovery - ANSWER: C) Oliguric
, The nurse monitors for which of the following definitive clinical manifestations in a
patient with renal impairment associated with polycystic kidney disease?
A) Flank pain
B) Periorbital edema
C) Low serum creatinine level
D) Palpable kidneys - ANSWER: D) Palpable kidneys
The nurse questions a female patient about perineal cleansing. Which statement by
the patient indicates proper technique?
A) "I douche monthly."
B) "I use an alcohol-based product."
C) "I wipe from back to front."
D) "I wipe from front to back." - ANSWER: D) "I wipe from front to back."
The nurse is performing discharge teaching for a patient after a nephrectomy for
renal carcinoma. Which statement by the patient indicates that teaching has been
effective?
A) "Because renal carcinoma usually affects both kidneys, I'll need to be watched
closely."
B) "I'll need to decrease my fluid intake to prevent stress to my remaining kidney."
C) "My remaining kidney should provide me with normal renal function."
D) "I'll eventually require some type of renal replacement therapy." - ANSWER: C)
"My remaining kidney should provide me with normal renal function."
The nurse correlates the decreased glomerular filtration rate in the client with acute
glomerulonephritis to which pathophysiologic process?
A) Decreased renal-induced constriction of the renal arteries
B) Thickened capillary membranes secondary to immune complex deposition and
cellular proliferation
C) Necrosis of 70% or more of the nephrons secondary to increased kidney
interstitial hydrostatic pressure
D) Scar tissue formation throughout the proximal convoluted tubule secondary to
toxin-induced collagen synthesis - ANSWER: B) Thickened capillary membranes
secondary to immune complex deposition and cellular proliferation
The RN has just received change-of-shift report. Which of the assigned patients
should be assessed first?
A) A patient with renal insufficiency who is scheduled to have a dialysis fistula
inserted
B) A patient with azotemia whose blood urea nitrogen and creatinine are increasing
C) A patient receiving peritoneal dialysis who needs help changing the dialysate bag
D) A patient with chronic renal failure who was just admitted with shortness of
breath - ANSWER: D) A patient with chronic renal failure who was just admitted with
shortness of breath
ACTUAL EXAM 200 FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
On an electrocardiogram (EKG), the P wave represents which of the following?
A) Atrial depolarization
B) Ventricular depolarization
C) Atrial repolarization
D) Ventricular repolarization - ANSWER: A) Atrial depolarization
Select all that apply. Which lab values are incorrect?
A. Na+ 135-145
B. K+ 2.3-2.9
C. Mg 1.8-2.4
D. Calcium 2-3 - ANSWER: B. K+ 2.3-2.9
D. Calcium 2-3
What electrolyte, if too high or low, can cause cardiac arrhythmias?
A. Mg
B. Na+
C. K+
D. Ca - ANSWER: C. K+
A patient has ABGS as follows: pH 7.28, PaC02 59, HC03 24, PaO2 85. This would be
diagnosed as
A. Respiratory acidosis with hypoxemia
B. Respiratory alkalosis with hypoxemia
C. Metabolic acidosis with hypoxemia
D. Metabolic alkalosis with hypoxemia - ANSWER: A. Respiratory acidosis with
hypoxemia
This type of cell is found in all the tissues of the body, and as part of the
inflammatory response, releases histamine, prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
A. Leukocyte
B. Mast cell
C. CD4 helper cell
D. Macrophage - ANSWER: B. Mast cell
An increase in the size of cells in an organ is known as
A. Neoplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
D. Apoptosis - ANSWER: B. Hyperplasia
,The organelle in the cell that is responsible for producing ATP (Adenosine
triphosphate) is the
A. Golgi body
B. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Ribosome
D. Mitochondria - ANSWER: D. Mitochondria
Homeostasis is defined as:
A. A state of equilibrium in an organism
B. A blood clotting mechanism
C. Part of the inflammatory process
D. Cellular adaptation - ANSWER: A. A state of equilibrium in an organism
A benign tumor usually metastasizes.
A. True
B. False - ANSWER: B. False
A malignant growth tends to produce (SAA)
A. Anaplastic cells
B. Metastatic tumors
C. Undifferentiated cells
D. Cells that invade the basement membrane of an organ - ANSWER: All of the above
The ion imbalance that is responsible for raising or lowering the pH is:
A. Potassium
B. Hydrogen
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium - ANSWER: B. Hydrogen
This cell engulfs bacteria and destroys them:
A. Phagocyte
B. Neutrophil
C. Granulocyte
D. Eosinophil - ANSWER: A. Phagocyte
This type of WBC is usually elevated with nasal allergies
A. Basophil
B. Mast cells
C. Macrophage
D. Neutrophil - ANSWER: A. Basophil
The patient's WBC count is 18. This would indicate:
A. Anemia
B. Allergic reaction
C. Infection
D. Anemia - ANSWER: C. Infection
,The first stage of the GAS syndrome results in (Select all that apply)
A. Epinephrine release
B. Constriction of pupils
C. Increased blood pressure
D. Bradycardia
E. Tachycardia - ANSWER: A. Epinephrine release
C. Increased blood pressure
E. Tachycardia
An example of artificially acquired active immunity would be
A. An influenza vaccination
B. A tetanus antitoxin after stepping on rusty metal
C. Taking an antibiotic for an infection
D. An IV infusion of IgG - ANSWER: A. An influenza vaccination
A low count of this type of cell may indicate that HIV has progressed to AIDS.
A. T cells
B. CD4 helper cells
C. B cells
D. Complement complexes - ANSWER: B. CD4 helper cells
B cells mature in the _________________, T cells mature in the ________________.
A. Hypothalamus, thymus
B. Thymus, Endocrine glands
C. Bone marrow, thymus
D. Cardiovascular system, respiratory system - ANSWER: C. Bone marrow, thymus
This makes the body's temperature elevate in response to macrophages that have
been exposed to bacteria.
A. Leukocytes
B. Pyrogens
C. Interferons
D. Inflammatory response. - ANSWER: B. Pyrogens
The first WBC to arrive after injury
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Macrophages
D. Monocytes - ANSWER: A. Neutrophils
A patient has a serum creatinine level of 2.5 mg/dL, a serum potassium level of 6
mmol/L, an arterial pH of 7.32, and a urine output of 250 mL/day. Which phase of
acute renal failure is the patient experiencing?
A) Intrarenal
B) Postrenal
C) Oliguric
D) Recovery - ANSWER: C) Oliguric
, The nurse monitors for which of the following definitive clinical manifestations in a
patient with renal impairment associated with polycystic kidney disease?
A) Flank pain
B) Periorbital edema
C) Low serum creatinine level
D) Palpable kidneys - ANSWER: D) Palpable kidneys
The nurse questions a female patient about perineal cleansing. Which statement by
the patient indicates proper technique?
A) "I douche monthly."
B) "I use an alcohol-based product."
C) "I wipe from back to front."
D) "I wipe from front to back." - ANSWER: D) "I wipe from front to back."
The nurse is performing discharge teaching for a patient after a nephrectomy for
renal carcinoma. Which statement by the patient indicates that teaching has been
effective?
A) "Because renal carcinoma usually affects both kidneys, I'll need to be watched
closely."
B) "I'll need to decrease my fluid intake to prevent stress to my remaining kidney."
C) "My remaining kidney should provide me with normal renal function."
D) "I'll eventually require some type of renal replacement therapy." - ANSWER: C)
"My remaining kidney should provide me with normal renal function."
The nurse correlates the decreased glomerular filtration rate in the client with acute
glomerulonephritis to which pathophysiologic process?
A) Decreased renal-induced constriction of the renal arteries
B) Thickened capillary membranes secondary to immune complex deposition and
cellular proliferation
C) Necrosis of 70% or more of the nephrons secondary to increased kidney
interstitial hydrostatic pressure
D) Scar tissue formation throughout the proximal convoluted tubule secondary to
toxin-induced collagen synthesis - ANSWER: B) Thickened capillary membranes
secondary to immune complex deposition and cellular proliferation
The RN has just received change-of-shift report. Which of the assigned patients
should be assessed first?
A) A patient with renal insufficiency who is scheduled to have a dialysis fistula
inserted
B) A patient with azotemia whose blood urea nitrogen and creatinine are increasing
C) A patient receiving peritoneal dialysis who needs help changing the dialysate bag
D) A patient with chronic renal failure who was just admitted with shortness of
breath - ANSWER: D) A patient with chronic renal failure who was just admitted with
shortness of breath
