BS 161 FINAL EXAM (Answered) 312 Questions
and Correct Answers, Updated Fall 2024/2025.
100% Correct. A+ Guarantee.
Which argument best defends a characteristic of the solute seen on the right?
The solute is hydrophobic because there are is no observable evidence of electrostatic interactions
between the partially charged atoms of the water molecule and the solute
What best describes a lipid?
a molecule that does not dissolve well in water
The flow of information in a cell proceeds in what sequence?
DNA is a template to make RNA, RNA is a template to make proteins
What processes occur in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?
Transcription and RNA processing
What is represented in the image on the right?
an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase charging a tRNA
What accurately identifies the template strands for these genes?
Strand 1 is the template strand for the histone gene and strand 2 is the template strand for the
transporter gene
what aspect of nucleic acid structure is important in determining which strand is the template
strand?
double stranded nucleic acids are antiparallel
,what additional reasoning is needed to completely explain which strand is used as the template
strand?
RNA polymerase moves from the promoter to the terminator adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the
new RNA
The building block on the right is used to produce what type of polymer?
RNA
How should the side chain of the amino acid depicted on the right be classified and why should it be
classified this way?
It should be classified as polar because the side chain contains atoms with significantly different
electronegativies which form polar bonds.
Prokaryotic protein synthesis is faster than eukaryotic protein synthesis. What characteristic of
prokaryotic transcription and translation makes the overall process faster than in eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes lack a nucleus so translation of an mRNA can begin even before transcription of the
mRNA is complete.
What correctly lists the components necessary for transcription?
RNA polymerase, DNA, and RNA nucleotides
What do you predict would happen if an aminoacyl tRNA synthetase was mutated so that it always
attached the wrong amino acid to its tRNA?
The cell would die because this would create errors in most proteins and erupt their function
In an effort to determine which type of molecule contained the genetic information, scientists
treated extracts from dead virulent bacteria with enzymes, incubated the treated extracts with live
non virulent bacteria, and checked for production of virulent bacteria. Which type of enzyme
prevented production of virulent bacteria?
DNase
What role do the functional groups in the peptide bond play in alpha helices?
They form hydrogen bonds with functional groups in other peptide bonds of nearby amino acids
What of the four levels of protein structure is represented in the image to the right?
,Tertiary
What level of protein structure involves IMFs between two different polypeptide chains?
Quaternary
What type of molecule is depicted on the left and what features make it this type of molecule?
It is a disaccharide because it is made up of two monosaccharides
What statement below most likely describes the role of amino acid 87 in the structure and function
of this enzyme?
This interaction between amino acid 87 and 35 causes the polypeptide to fold into a specific tertiary
shape.
when the Substrate binds to the enzyme, amino acid 90 is interacting with the hydroxyl group on the
Substrate. What type of interaction is most likely taking place between amino acid 90 and the
Substrate?
Hydrogen bonding
you think that amino 50 is interacting with the NH3+ the substrate. Using this hypothesis, which of
the following amino acids would you predict might be found at position 50 and why might you make
this prediction?
Aspartic acid because it will form a favorable ionic interaction with the substrate.
, what do you predict would happen in cells where a mutation changed amino acid 50 to a different
amino acid that cannot interact with the amino group and why would this happen?
The cells would divide more rapidly because the structure of the protein determines the function of
the protein.
In eukaryotes, what determines where transcription starts?
General transcription factors interact with promoters and bind to RNA polymerase indicating where
transcription starts.
What are critical regions of a tRNA molecule?
amino acid attachment site and anticodon loop
Alternative splicing allows for:
different polypeptides to be made from a single gene
Alternative splicing means that:
different spliced forms contain different combinations of exons
Depicted here are five codons from the coding strand of DNA and the very short peptide they
encode:original DNA sequence: 5'ATG-TCT-AAC-TTA-TAA 3'
protein sequence: Met-Ser-Asn-Leu-STOP
A mutation adds the nucleotide T between the first and second codons in the DNA sequence
creating a mutant version of the gene.
- What will happen to the length of the mRNA produced from the mutant version of this gene?
It will be one nucleotide longer because RNA poly does not read codons
Depicted here are five codons from the coding strand of DNA and the very short peptide they
encode:original DNA sequence: 5'ATG-TCT-AAC-TTA-TAA 3'
protein sequence: Met-Ser-Asn-Leu-STOP
A mutation adds the nucleotide T between the first and second codons in the DNA sequence
creating a mutant version of the gene.
and Correct Answers, Updated Fall 2024/2025.
100% Correct. A+ Guarantee.
Which argument best defends a characteristic of the solute seen on the right?
The solute is hydrophobic because there are is no observable evidence of electrostatic interactions
between the partially charged atoms of the water molecule and the solute
What best describes a lipid?
a molecule that does not dissolve well in water
The flow of information in a cell proceeds in what sequence?
DNA is a template to make RNA, RNA is a template to make proteins
What processes occur in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?
Transcription and RNA processing
What is represented in the image on the right?
an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase charging a tRNA
What accurately identifies the template strands for these genes?
Strand 1 is the template strand for the histone gene and strand 2 is the template strand for the
transporter gene
what aspect of nucleic acid structure is important in determining which strand is the template
strand?
double stranded nucleic acids are antiparallel
,what additional reasoning is needed to completely explain which strand is used as the template
strand?
RNA polymerase moves from the promoter to the terminator adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the
new RNA
The building block on the right is used to produce what type of polymer?
RNA
How should the side chain of the amino acid depicted on the right be classified and why should it be
classified this way?
It should be classified as polar because the side chain contains atoms with significantly different
electronegativies which form polar bonds.
Prokaryotic protein synthesis is faster than eukaryotic protein synthesis. What characteristic of
prokaryotic transcription and translation makes the overall process faster than in eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes lack a nucleus so translation of an mRNA can begin even before transcription of the
mRNA is complete.
What correctly lists the components necessary for transcription?
RNA polymerase, DNA, and RNA nucleotides
What do you predict would happen if an aminoacyl tRNA synthetase was mutated so that it always
attached the wrong amino acid to its tRNA?
The cell would die because this would create errors in most proteins and erupt their function
In an effort to determine which type of molecule contained the genetic information, scientists
treated extracts from dead virulent bacteria with enzymes, incubated the treated extracts with live
non virulent bacteria, and checked for production of virulent bacteria. Which type of enzyme
prevented production of virulent bacteria?
DNase
What role do the functional groups in the peptide bond play in alpha helices?
They form hydrogen bonds with functional groups in other peptide bonds of nearby amino acids
What of the four levels of protein structure is represented in the image to the right?
,Tertiary
What level of protein structure involves IMFs between two different polypeptide chains?
Quaternary
What type of molecule is depicted on the left and what features make it this type of molecule?
It is a disaccharide because it is made up of two monosaccharides
What statement below most likely describes the role of amino acid 87 in the structure and function
of this enzyme?
This interaction between amino acid 87 and 35 causes the polypeptide to fold into a specific tertiary
shape.
when the Substrate binds to the enzyme, amino acid 90 is interacting with the hydroxyl group on the
Substrate. What type of interaction is most likely taking place between amino acid 90 and the
Substrate?
Hydrogen bonding
you think that amino 50 is interacting with the NH3+ the substrate. Using this hypothesis, which of
the following amino acids would you predict might be found at position 50 and why might you make
this prediction?
Aspartic acid because it will form a favorable ionic interaction with the substrate.
, what do you predict would happen in cells where a mutation changed amino acid 50 to a different
amino acid that cannot interact with the amino group and why would this happen?
The cells would divide more rapidly because the structure of the protein determines the function of
the protein.
In eukaryotes, what determines where transcription starts?
General transcription factors interact with promoters and bind to RNA polymerase indicating where
transcription starts.
What are critical regions of a tRNA molecule?
amino acid attachment site and anticodon loop
Alternative splicing allows for:
different polypeptides to be made from a single gene
Alternative splicing means that:
different spliced forms contain different combinations of exons
Depicted here are five codons from the coding strand of DNA and the very short peptide they
encode:original DNA sequence: 5'ATG-TCT-AAC-TTA-TAA 3'
protein sequence: Met-Ser-Asn-Leu-STOP
A mutation adds the nucleotide T between the first and second codons in the DNA sequence
creating a mutant version of the gene.
- What will happen to the length of the mRNA produced from the mutant version of this gene?
It will be one nucleotide longer because RNA poly does not read codons
Depicted here are five codons from the coding strand of DNA and the very short peptide they
encode:original DNA sequence: 5'ATG-TCT-AAC-TTA-TAA 3'
protein sequence: Met-Ser-Asn-Leu-STOP
A mutation adds the nucleotide T between the first and second codons in the DNA sequence
creating a mutant version of the gene.
