TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD
OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024
SPEX303 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2024-2025
ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
What is the focus of the paper? - Answer✔️✔️-Understand how the human body
maintains itself and performs work
Direct calorimetry measures energy utilisation through? - Answer✔️✔️-Heat production
Indirect calorimetry measures energy utilisation through? - Answer✔️✔️-Respiratory Gas
exchange
What are some limitations to indirect calorimetry? - Answer✔️✔️-Dead space in tube, lag
of measurements from long tube
Aerobic metabolism used directly how? - Answer✔️✔️-Resynthesis of ATP
Aerobic metabolism used indirectly how? - Answer✔️✔️-Replete anaerobic sources of
ATP (CrP)
What happens to elements of water ingested (doubly labelled water)? In what forms is it
excreted? - Answer✔️✔️-Hydrogen excreted through urine
Oxygen comes out mainly through CO2
Where is most nitrogen excreted from the body? - Answer✔️✔️-Urine and sweat
During anaerobic metabolism, extra CO2 comes from? - Answer✔️✔️-Metabolic acidosis
- more H+ produced, keeping pH around 7 (buffer system)
,TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD
OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024
R value representative of Carbohydrates? - Answer✔️✔️-1.0
R value representative of Fats? - Answer✔️✔️-0.71
R value representative of Protein? - Answer✔️✔️-0.8
R value representative of Mixed? - Answer✔️✔️-0.82
R value representative of Alcohol? - Answer✔️✔️-0.67
What does Southland Cycling Study tell you about effects of exercise on body comp? -
Answer✔️✔️-Exercise can be positive on maintenance of FFM
Effects of Exercise on RMR - Answer✔️✔️-Increased (5-15%) with intensive exercise for
24-48hr: if exercise is repeated w/in 24-48h, remains elevated
Can be as much as 400-800 kJ/day
Athletes vs sedentary have as much as 5-20% greater RMR, even after adjusting for
FFM
Little, if any, long-lasting increase following low intensity exercise
Effects of Training on Total Energy Expenditure - Answer✔️✔️-Some cross-sectional
studies have shown athletes to be more energy efficient (i.e. lower energy
intake/amount expended)
Do endurance trained females adapt to lose less energy? - Answer✔️✔️-Some studies
show endurance trained much more efficient overall than untrained.
Increased efficiency of movement has been shown, but not large effect on TEE, most
trained, in training use more E regardless.
,TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD
OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024
What influences fuel selection? - Answer✔️✔️-Energy needs (i.e. rate of ATP needed)
Amounts stored in muscle, circulation
Contraction (Ca++)
Hormones, sympathetic NS
Enzyme activities
Aerobic capacity and blood flow
Transporter molecules
Fat Metabolism differences from CHO - Answer✔️✔️-Less ATP/sec
More O2/ATP
Only used aerobically
Not maximised immediately
Greater storage
Increased w exercise duration
Increased w training, at given intensity
CHO Metabolism differences from Fat - Answer✔️✔️-More ATP/sec
Less O2/ATP
Used aerobically and anaerobically
Limited glycogen stores
Increased w increasing intensity
Decreased w training at given intensity
Fat and CHO Metabolism Similarities - Answer✔️✔️-Greater capacity with training
, TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD
OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024
Break down products can be metabolised in Krebs Cycle
Low E state of cell enhances release from storage and oxidation
Sympathetic drive and Adren/NorAdren from adrenal glands enhances release from
storage (fatty acids & glucose from glycogen)
Describe demands of Anaerobic Glycolysis - Answer✔️✔️-As exercise intensity
increases, more NADH2 formed than can be oxidised in ETC/oxid phosphorylation .
Continued metabolism via glycolysis requires NAD+ reformed and H2 to be accepted by
another molecule. Hence, temporary reduction of pyruvic acid to form lactic acid.
Reaction increases with increasing energy demands
When and how is Pyruvate reformed? - Answer✔️✔️-At rest after exercise, or in a
different cell
As exercise intensity drops to a level at which NADH canbee oxidised, lactic acid is
oxidised back to pyruvic acid, allowing the oxidative metabolism of pyruvate to proceed
Where does the glucose utilised in muscle come from? - Answer✔️✔️-Muscle and liver
Where does the fat utilised in exercise come from? - Answer✔️✔️-Skeletal muscle and
adipose tissue
How does eating affect substrate use? - Answer✔️✔️-What we eat can supply some
substrates - eating carbs get glucose into bloodstream via effects of hormones
- liver has ability to push glucose into bloodstream
- adipose tissue break down Triglycerides
What is fat stored as? - Answer✔️✔️-Triglycerides
OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024
SPEX303 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2024-2025
ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
What is the focus of the paper? - Answer✔️✔️-Understand how the human body
maintains itself and performs work
Direct calorimetry measures energy utilisation through? - Answer✔️✔️-Heat production
Indirect calorimetry measures energy utilisation through? - Answer✔️✔️-Respiratory Gas
exchange
What are some limitations to indirect calorimetry? - Answer✔️✔️-Dead space in tube, lag
of measurements from long tube
Aerobic metabolism used directly how? - Answer✔️✔️-Resynthesis of ATP
Aerobic metabolism used indirectly how? - Answer✔️✔️-Replete anaerobic sources of
ATP (CrP)
What happens to elements of water ingested (doubly labelled water)? In what forms is it
excreted? - Answer✔️✔️-Hydrogen excreted through urine
Oxygen comes out mainly through CO2
Where is most nitrogen excreted from the body? - Answer✔️✔️-Urine and sweat
During anaerobic metabolism, extra CO2 comes from? - Answer✔️✔️-Metabolic acidosis
- more H+ produced, keeping pH around 7 (buffer system)
,TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD
OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024
R value representative of Carbohydrates? - Answer✔️✔️-1.0
R value representative of Fats? - Answer✔️✔️-0.71
R value representative of Protein? - Answer✔️✔️-0.8
R value representative of Mixed? - Answer✔️✔️-0.82
R value representative of Alcohol? - Answer✔️✔️-0.67
What does Southland Cycling Study tell you about effects of exercise on body comp? -
Answer✔️✔️-Exercise can be positive on maintenance of FFM
Effects of Exercise on RMR - Answer✔️✔️-Increased (5-15%) with intensive exercise for
24-48hr: if exercise is repeated w/in 24-48h, remains elevated
Can be as much as 400-800 kJ/day
Athletes vs sedentary have as much as 5-20% greater RMR, even after adjusting for
FFM
Little, if any, long-lasting increase following low intensity exercise
Effects of Training on Total Energy Expenditure - Answer✔️✔️-Some cross-sectional
studies have shown athletes to be more energy efficient (i.e. lower energy
intake/amount expended)
Do endurance trained females adapt to lose less energy? - Answer✔️✔️-Some studies
show endurance trained much more efficient overall than untrained.
Increased efficiency of movement has been shown, but not large effect on TEE, most
trained, in training use more E regardless.
,TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD
OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024
What influences fuel selection? - Answer✔️✔️-Energy needs (i.e. rate of ATP needed)
Amounts stored in muscle, circulation
Contraction (Ca++)
Hormones, sympathetic NS
Enzyme activities
Aerobic capacity and blood flow
Transporter molecules
Fat Metabolism differences from CHO - Answer✔️✔️-Less ATP/sec
More O2/ATP
Only used aerobically
Not maximised immediately
Greater storage
Increased w exercise duration
Increased w training, at given intensity
CHO Metabolism differences from Fat - Answer✔️✔️-More ATP/sec
Less O2/ATP
Used aerobically and anaerobically
Limited glycogen stores
Increased w increasing intensity
Decreased w training at given intensity
Fat and CHO Metabolism Similarities - Answer✔️✔️-Greater capacity with training
, TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD
OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024
Break down products can be metabolised in Krebs Cycle
Low E state of cell enhances release from storage and oxidation
Sympathetic drive and Adren/NorAdren from adrenal glands enhances release from
storage (fatty acids & glucose from glycogen)
Describe demands of Anaerobic Glycolysis - Answer✔️✔️-As exercise intensity
increases, more NADH2 formed than can be oxidised in ETC/oxid phosphorylation .
Continued metabolism via glycolysis requires NAD+ reformed and H2 to be accepted by
another molecule. Hence, temporary reduction of pyruvic acid to form lactic acid.
Reaction increases with increasing energy demands
When and how is Pyruvate reformed? - Answer✔️✔️-At rest after exercise, or in a
different cell
As exercise intensity drops to a level at which NADH canbee oxidised, lactic acid is
oxidised back to pyruvic acid, allowing the oxidative metabolism of pyruvate to proceed
Where does the glucose utilised in muscle come from? - Answer✔️✔️-Muscle and liver
Where does the fat utilised in exercise come from? - Answer✔️✔️-Skeletal muscle and
adipose tissue
How does eating affect substrate use? - Answer✔️✔️-What we eat can supply some
substrates - eating carbs get glucose into bloodstream via effects of hormones
- liver has ability to push glucose into bloodstream
- adipose tissue break down Triglycerides
What is fat stored as? - Answer✔️✔️-Triglycerides
