Title of the Project
(“ Analysis of Spider Web “)
,✻ Spider web is a form of Spider Silk, natural biomaterial with superior performance.
The most impotence activity of spider silk is a protein fibre spun by spiders. Spiders
use their silk to make webs or other structures, which function as sticky nets to catch
other animals, or as nests or cocoons to protect their off spring, or to wrap up prey.
This Spider Silks are typically semicrystal line fibers, which are the strongest, toughest
and stretchiest biological fibers spider’s silk, made up of protein termed as spidroin
(large group of proteins ) for spider fibroin (an insoluble protein present in Spider
silk).
Spider silk is one outstanding fibrous biomaterial which consists of almost large
proteins. Silk fibers have tensile strengths comparable to steel and some silks are
nearly as elastic as rubber on a weight to weight basis. Spider Silk reveal a toughness
that is two to three times that of synthetic fibers like Nylon or Kevlar. Spider silk is also
antimicrobial, hypoallergenic and completely biodegradable. Spidroins (large group of
proteins) consist of 100–400 amino acids. Major amino acids in the silk proteins are
alanine and glycine, Serine and proline are also present in significant quantities in
some types of silk. The function of silk is prey capture webs provides a crucial link
between the molecular biology of silk and spider ecology.
✻ The structure and the characteristics of natural spider silk. It shows the great research
value of spider silk and spider silk bionic materials. Then, the development status of
spider silk bionic materials is reviewed from the perspectives of material mechanical
properties and application. The part of the material characteristics mainly describes
the biocomposites based on spider silk proteins and spider silk fibers, nanomaterials
and man-made fiber materials based on spider silk and spider-web structures.
✻ Spider Web building ability generally the spiders are considered as weavers or non-
weavers. The weavers make the snares to trap insects for food in family Pholcidae,
while the non-weavers hunt the prey by chasing in families Spiders in this research.
The chemical composition of spiders silk and the designing Spider webs are Orb web,
Horizontal web and Single line web, Sheet web, Irregular web, wooly web and Funnel
web. So in this analysis / study, we need to know more about the spider silk and the
spider webs.
✻ From the perspective of practical applications, the latest application of spider silk
biological materials in the fields of medicine, human use of spider web, textiles are
numerous and performance of finished products are briefly analyzed.
❖ Key words : :
Biomimetics, protein folding, protein assembly,
Alanine, glycine, spidroins, sticky silk, web patterns.
B) TABLE OF CONTENTS
❀
Page 5 of 46
, ❀ I) INTRODUCTION.
❀ II) CLASSIFICATION OF SPIDERS. ❀
❀ III) SPIDERS IN INDIA. ❀
❀ IV) ORIGIN OF SPIDER WEB. ❀
❀ V) STUCTURE OF SPIDER WEB. ❀
❀ VI) SPIDER WEB SPINNING BEHAVIOURS. ❀
❀ VII) TYPE OF SPIDER WEBS. ❀
❀ VIII) SPIDER SPIN OF SILK. ❀
❀ IX) FUNCTION OF SPIDER WEB. ❀
❀ X) REPAIRING OF SPIDER WEB. ❀
❀ XI) SPIDER WED UNDER STRETCHING. ❀
❀ XII) APPLICATIONS OF SPIDER SILK. ❀
❀ a.) HUMAN USE OF SPIDER WEB. ❀
❀ b.) MEDICALS APPLICATIONS. ❀
❀ c.) SPIDER SILK USE IN CANCAR TREATMENT ❀
❀ XIII) SPIDER WEB OF INNOVATION. ❀
❀ XIV) GOLDEN SPIDER SILK CLOTH. ❀
❀ XV) SPIDER SILK-BASED HYBRID MATERIALS. ❀
❀ XVI) THE CHEMISTRY OF SPIDER WEB. ❀
❀ XVII) CHEMICAL STUCTURE OF DIFFERENT COMPOUNDS OF SPIDER SILK ❀
❀ XVIII) PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ❀
❀ XIX) SPIDER SILK PROTEINS IS CONTROLLED BY pH. ❀
❀ XX) DETERMINING HYDROGEN BOND INTERACTIONS IN SPIDER SILK. ❀
❀ XXI) SPIDER'S SUPER-STRONG SILK RELIES ON ITS CRYSTALS. ❀
❀ XXII) SPIDER WEB VISIBILITY AND STABILIMENTA. ❀
❀ XXIII) RESEARCHERS COLLECTION OF SPIDER SILK. ❀
❀ XXIV) CONCLUSION. ❀
❀ XXV) BIBILOGRAPHY. ❀
I) INTRODUCTION :
Page 6 of 46
, ✻ Natural Spider Web acts like a Chakravyuha (Chakra Means Spinning wheel /
circle / ring and vyuha means formation) of Mahabharat War, which is the
Great War in Hindu Mythology. Spider web is most wonderful and attractive in
nature, because the spider silk seem brightening silver thin wire or Silver Coil,
which is the mysterious creation of Spider Web in world. Spiders are extremely
abundant in most ecosystems on the planet as a result of their evolutionary
success, making up more than 47,000 different species that have existed for
over 380 million years.
✻ Spider silk production evolved many times in arthropods. Spiders are the
preeminent silk craftsmen, utilizing multiple types of silk threads to construct a
dizzying array of structures ranging from simple lifelines to shelters for
moulting and protective egg sacs to webs. Silk structures spun by spiders play a
significant role in their survival.
✻ The web structure are abundant and varied from primal trapdoor subterranean
burrows minimalist silken T webs, triangular webs or vertical geometrical orb
webs and more complex three-dimensional (3D) webs such as tangle, funnel,
cobweb, and complex orb webs. The diverse toolkits of silk fibres produced by
orb web spiders rank among the strongest, stretchiest, and toughest
biomaterials known and are assembled nearly instantaneously from liquid
protein feedstock inside the spiders’ bodies.
✻ Among the natural biological materials, spider silk has attracted more and more
useful applications with its excellent comprehensive properties. Natural spider
silk is a natural protein biomaterial secreted by spiders through their silk
glands. It belongs to a type of bioelastic fiber. As early as thousands of years ago,
people had a certain understanding of the application value of spider silk.
The ancient Greeks used spider silk to stop bleeding and heal wounds.
Indigenous people used spider silk as a fishing line. By the time of World War II,
spider silk was used as a crosshair in the optical device of the sighting system of
telescopes, guns etc. Spider silk has also been one of the hot research topics in
recent years and has shown great application and commercial value in various
fields.
Page 7 of 46
(“ Analysis of Spider Web “)
,✻ Spider web is a form of Spider Silk, natural biomaterial with superior performance.
The most impotence activity of spider silk is a protein fibre spun by spiders. Spiders
use their silk to make webs or other structures, which function as sticky nets to catch
other animals, or as nests or cocoons to protect their off spring, or to wrap up prey.
This Spider Silks are typically semicrystal line fibers, which are the strongest, toughest
and stretchiest biological fibers spider’s silk, made up of protein termed as spidroin
(large group of proteins ) for spider fibroin (an insoluble protein present in Spider
silk).
Spider silk is one outstanding fibrous biomaterial which consists of almost large
proteins. Silk fibers have tensile strengths comparable to steel and some silks are
nearly as elastic as rubber on a weight to weight basis. Spider Silk reveal a toughness
that is two to three times that of synthetic fibers like Nylon or Kevlar. Spider silk is also
antimicrobial, hypoallergenic and completely biodegradable. Spidroins (large group of
proteins) consist of 100–400 amino acids. Major amino acids in the silk proteins are
alanine and glycine, Serine and proline are also present in significant quantities in
some types of silk. The function of silk is prey capture webs provides a crucial link
between the molecular biology of silk and spider ecology.
✻ The structure and the characteristics of natural spider silk. It shows the great research
value of spider silk and spider silk bionic materials. Then, the development status of
spider silk bionic materials is reviewed from the perspectives of material mechanical
properties and application. The part of the material characteristics mainly describes
the biocomposites based on spider silk proteins and spider silk fibers, nanomaterials
and man-made fiber materials based on spider silk and spider-web structures.
✻ Spider Web building ability generally the spiders are considered as weavers or non-
weavers. The weavers make the snares to trap insects for food in family Pholcidae,
while the non-weavers hunt the prey by chasing in families Spiders in this research.
The chemical composition of spiders silk and the designing Spider webs are Orb web,
Horizontal web and Single line web, Sheet web, Irregular web, wooly web and Funnel
web. So in this analysis / study, we need to know more about the spider silk and the
spider webs.
✻ From the perspective of practical applications, the latest application of spider silk
biological materials in the fields of medicine, human use of spider web, textiles are
numerous and performance of finished products are briefly analyzed.
❖ Key words : :
Biomimetics, protein folding, protein assembly,
Alanine, glycine, spidroins, sticky silk, web patterns.
B) TABLE OF CONTENTS
❀
Page 5 of 46
, ❀ I) INTRODUCTION.
❀ II) CLASSIFICATION OF SPIDERS. ❀
❀ III) SPIDERS IN INDIA. ❀
❀ IV) ORIGIN OF SPIDER WEB. ❀
❀ V) STUCTURE OF SPIDER WEB. ❀
❀ VI) SPIDER WEB SPINNING BEHAVIOURS. ❀
❀ VII) TYPE OF SPIDER WEBS. ❀
❀ VIII) SPIDER SPIN OF SILK. ❀
❀ IX) FUNCTION OF SPIDER WEB. ❀
❀ X) REPAIRING OF SPIDER WEB. ❀
❀ XI) SPIDER WED UNDER STRETCHING. ❀
❀ XII) APPLICATIONS OF SPIDER SILK. ❀
❀ a.) HUMAN USE OF SPIDER WEB. ❀
❀ b.) MEDICALS APPLICATIONS. ❀
❀ c.) SPIDER SILK USE IN CANCAR TREATMENT ❀
❀ XIII) SPIDER WEB OF INNOVATION. ❀
❀ XIV) GOLDEN SPIDER SILK CLOTH. ❀
❀ XV) SPIDER SILK-BASED HYBRID MATERIALS. ❀
❀ XVI) THE CHEMISTRY OF SPIDER WEB. ❀
❀ XVII) CHEMICAL STUCTURE OF DIFFERENT COMPOUNDS OF SPIDER SILK ❀
❀ XVIII) PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ❀
❀ XIX) SPIDER SILK PROTEINS IS CONTROLLED BY pH. ❀
❀ XX) DETERMINING HYDROGEN BOND INTERACTIONS IN SPIDER SILK. ❀
❀ XXI) SPIDER'S SUPER-STRONG SILK RELIES ON ITS CRYSTALS. ❀
❀ XXII) SPIDER WEB VISIBILITY AND STABILIMENTA. ❀
❀ XXIII) RESEARCHERS COLLECTION OF SPIDER SILK. ❀
❀ XXIV) CONCLUSION. ❀
❀ XXV) BIBILOGRAPHY. ❀
I) INTRODUCTION :
Page 6 of 46
, ✻ Natural Spider Web acts like a Chakravyuha (Chakra Means Spinning wheel /
circle / ring and vyuha means formation) of Mahabharat War, which is the
Great War in Hindu Mythology. Spider web is most wonderful and attractive in
nature, because the spider silk seem brightening silver thin wire or Silver Coil,
which is the mysterious creation of Spider Web in world. Spiders are extremely
abundant in most ecosystems on the planet as a result of their evolutionary
success, making up more than 47,000 different species that have existed for
over 380 million years.
✻ Spider silk production evolved many times in arthropods. Spiders are the
preeminent silk craftsmen, utilizing multiple types of silk threads to construct a
dizzying array of structures ranging from simple lifelines to shelters for
moulting and protective egg sacs to webs. Silk structures spun by spiders play a
significant role in their survival.
✻ The web structure are abundant and varied from primal trapdoor subterranean
burrows minimalist silken T webs, triangular webs or vertical geometrical orb
webs and more complex three-dimensional (3D) webs such as tangle, funnel,
cobweb, and complex orb webs. The diverse toolkits of silk fibres produced by
orb web spiders rank among the strongest, stretchiest, and toughest
biomaterials known and are assembled nearly instantaneously from liquid
protein feedstock inside the spiders’ bodies.
✻ Among the natural biological materials, spider silk has attracted more and more
useful applications with its excellent comprehensive properties. Natural spider
silk is a natural protein biomaterial secreted by spiders through their silk
glands. It belongs to a type of bioelastic fiber. As early as thousands of years ago,
people had a certain understanding of the application value of spider silk.
The ancient Greeks used spider silk to stop bleeding and heal wounds.
Indigenous people used spider silk as a fishing line. By the time of World War II,
spider silk was used as a crosshair in the optical device of the sighting system of
telescopes, guns etc. Spider silk has also been one of the hot research topics in
recent years and has shown great application and commercial value in various
fields.
Page 7 of 46
