GPCU 520 EXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM NEWEST 2024
ACTUAL EXAM 150 QUESTIONS AND CORREC DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+
what type of reactions are the most common cause of drug incompatibility and why?
- ANSWER: acid-base reactions because precipitation of nonionized drug forms
approximately how many commonly used drugs are incompatible or unstable when
added or combined with usual fluids or agents?
a. 10%
b. 30%
c. 50%
d. 70% - ANSWER: b. 30%
an undesirable reaction occurring between a drug and a container, solution, or
another drug is called? - ANSWER: incompatibility
alteration of drug effect due to the influence of another substance is called? -
ANSWER: drug interactions
where do interactions occur? - ANSWER: inside the body
where does incompatibility occur? - ANSWER: in a fluid contianer or infusion line
are interactions or are incompatibilities visible? - ANSWER: incompatibilities
what type of incompatibility results from the modification of pharmacological effect
from prior concomitant administration of other drugs? - ANSWER: therapeutic
incompatibilty
what mechanism of therapeutic incompatibility involves the effect of a drug on
another from the point of view of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion? - ANSWER: pharmacokinetic
what mechanism of therapeutic incompatibility is related to pharmacological activity
of the interacting drugs such as synergism/antagonism? - ANSWER:
pharmacodynamic
pharmacodynamic is what the _______ does to the _______ - ANSWER: drug, body
pharmacokinetic is what the _______ does to the ________ - ANSWER: body, drug
an interaction that results in change in color, odor, taste, viscosity, and morphology
is what type of incompatibility? - ANSWER: physical incompatibility
,physical incompatibilities usually refer to? - ANSWER: precipitation or phase
separation
what are factors responsible for physical incompatibility? - ANSWER: pH value and
buffer capacity, solubility and precipitation, complex formation, adsorption
what effect will ingestion of antacids over a period of 24 hours have on urinary pH? -
ANSWER: increase pH
are acidic drugs excreted faster or slower when urinary pH is alkaline? - ANSWER:
faster
acidic drugs will diffuse back into the blood from the urine when the urine is acidic or
alkaline? - ANSWER: acidic
interactions between ionized drugs will form _______ with _______ charges -
ANSWER: complexes, reduced
cation-anion interactions result in? - ANSWER: formation of relatively insoluble
precipitate
ion pair formation results in? - ANSWER: burying of charges
what is the interaction between a metal atom or ion and another species called? -
ANSWER: chelation
the attachment of a molecule to a surface is called? - ANSWER: adsorption
what type of incompatibility results in change in chemical properties of
pharmaceutical dosage form? - ANSWER: chemical incompatibility
hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, racemization are types of what incompatibility? -
ANSWER: chemical
which types of solubilization methods use a means of entrapment?
a) complexation
b) micellar
c) hydrotrophy
d) a and b
e) all of the above - ANSWER: *d) a and b
which of the following expresses the number of moles of solute in 1 kg of solvent?
a) molarity (M)
b) molality (m)
c) normality (N)
, d) mole fraction - ANSWER: *b) molality (m)
a is incorrect because molarity expresses the number of moles of solute in 1 liter of
SOLUTION
c is wrong because it expresses the number of equivalents of solute in 1 liter of
solution
d is wrong because it expresses the ratio of moles of constituent to total moles
driving force in drug movement in aqueous diffusion model:
a) active transport
b) facilitated transport
c) concentration gradient
d) all of the above - ANSWER: *c) concentration gradient
which are most likely to diffuse across membranes:
a) charged drugs
b) ionized drugs
c) polar drugs
d) non-ionized drugs - ANSWER: *d) non-ionized drugs
a, b, and c are all hydrophilic and are not as likely to cross the membrane since
membrane permeability favors more lipophilic drugs
which equation describes change in concentration with time at a specific location by
taking into account the cross sectional area and partition coefficient?
a) Fick's first law
b) Fick's second law
c) Noyes-Whitney law
d) angle of repose - ANSWER: *b) Fick's second law
a is incorrect because Fick's first law describes the amount of drug flowing through a
unit area of barrier in unit time, and doesn't take into account cross sectional area or
partition coefficient
c is incorrect because it describes dissolution rate
d is incorrect because it describes flow properties of a powder
which solubilization process involves the use of cyclodextrin, which is an
oligosaccharide with a hydrophobic cavity?
a) complexation
ACTUAL EXAM 150 QUESTIONS AND CORREC DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+
what type of reactions are the most common cause of drug incompatibility and why?
- ANSWER: acid-base reactions because precipitation of nonionized drug forms
approximately how many commonly used drugs are incompatible or unstable when
added or combined with usual fluids or agents?
a. 10%
b. 30%
c. 50%
d. 70% - ANSWER: b. 30%
an undesirable reaction occurring between a drug and a container, solution, or
another drug is called? - ANSWER: incompatibility
alteration of drug effect due to the influence of another substance is called? -
ANSWER: drug interactions
where do interactions occur? - ANSWER: inside the body
where does incompatibility occur? - ANSWER: in a fluid contianer or infusion line
are interactions or are incompatibilities visible? - ANSWER: incompatibilities
what type of incompatibility results from the modification of pharmacological effect
from prior concomitant administration of other drugs? - ANSWER: therapeutic
incompatibilty
what mechanism of therapeutic incompatibility involves the effect of a drug on
another from the point of view of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion? - ANSWER: pharmacokinetic
what mechanism of therapeutic incompatibility is related to pharmacological activity
of the interacting drugs such as synergism/antagonism? - ANSWER:
pharmacodynamic
pharmacodynamic is what the _______ does to the _______ - ANSWER: drug, body
pharmacokinetic is what the _______ does to the ________ - ANSWER: body, drug
an interaction that results in change in color, odor, taste, viscosity, and morphology
is what type of incompatibility? - ANSWER: physical incompatibility
,physical incompatibilities usually refer to? - ANSWER: precipitation or phase
separation
what are factors responsible for physical incompatibility? - ANSWER: pH value and
buffer capacity, solubility and precipitation, complex formation, adsorption
what effect will ingestion of antacids over a period of 24 hours have on urinary pH? -
ANSWER: increase pH
are acidic drugs excreted faster or slower when urinary pH is alkaline? - ANSWER:
faster
acidic drugs will diffuse back into the blood from the urine when the urine is acidic or
alkaline? - ANSWER: acidic
interactions between ionized drugs will form _______ with _______ charges -
ANSWER: complexes, reduced
cation-anion interactions result in? - ANSWER: formation of relatively insoluble
precipitate
ion pair formation results in? - ANSWER: burying of charges
what is the interaction between a metal atom or ion and another species called? -
ANSWER: chelation
the attachment of a molecule to a surface is called? - ANSWER: adsorption
what type of incompatibility results in change in chemical properties of
pharmaceutical dosage form? - ANSWER: chemical incompatibility
hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, racemization are types of what incompatibility? -
ANSWER: chemical
which types of solubilization methods use a means of entrapment?
a) complexation
b) micellar
c) hydrotrophy
d) a and b
e) all of the above - ANSWER: *d) a and b
which of the following expresses the number of moles of solute in 1 kg of solvent?
a) molarity (M)
b) molality (m)
c) normality (N)
, d) mole fraction - ANSWER: *b) molality (m)
a is incorrect because molarity expresses the number of moles of solute in 1 liter of
SOLUTION
c is wrong because it expresses the number of equivalents of solute in 1 liter of
solution
d is wrong because it expresses the ratio of moles of constituent to total moles
driving force in drug movement in aqueous diffusion model:
a) active transport
b) facilitated transport
c) concentration gradient
d) all of the above - ANSWER: *c) concentration gradient
which are most likely to diffuse across membranes:
a) charged drugs
b) ionized drugs
c) polar drugs
d) non-ionized drugs - ANSWER: *d) non-ionized drugs
a, b, and c are all hydrophilic and are not as likely to cross the membrane since
membrane permeability favors more lipophilic drugs
which equation describes change in concentration with time at a specific location by
taking into account the cross sectional area and partition coefficient?
a) Fick's first law
b) Fick's second law
c) Noyes-Whitney law
d) angle of repose - ANSWER: *b) Fick's second law
a is incorrect because Fick's first law describes the amount of drug flowing through a
unit area of barrier in unit time, and doesn't take into account cross sectional area or
partition coefficient
c is incorrect because it describes dissolution rate
d is incorrect because it describes flow properties of a powder
which solubilization process involves the use of cyclodextrin, which is an
oligosaccharide with a hydrophobic cavity?
a) complexation
