Test Bank - for Statistics
for Nursing Research A
Workbook for Evidence-
Based Practice 3rd Edition
by Susan K. Grove, All
Chapters | Complete Guide
A+
olution`!
`!
for
,
, AG 1-2 `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Grade ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
`! categories ensure that all salary levels are covered The categories are not exclusive, sinc e
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
`! categories-
(d) and (e) include an $80,000 salary, so study participants making $80,000 might
`! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `!
`! mark either (d) or (e) or both categories, resulting in erroneous data. Category (e) c
`! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! ` !
`! ould be changed to greater than $80,000, making the categories exclusive. The categor
`! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `!
`! ies can be rank ordered from the lowest salary to the highest salary, which is
`! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `!
`! consiste nt with ordinal data (Grove & Gray, 2019; Waltz et al., 2017). `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
1. What level of measurement is the CDS score? Provide a rationale for
` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
your answer. Answer: The CDS score is at the interval level of measurement. The
` ! ` ! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! ` ! `!
CDS is a 26- item Likert scale developed to measure depression in cardiac patients.
`! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
Study participants rated their symp-
`! `! ` ! `! `! `! `!
toms on a scale of 1 to 7, with higher numbers indicating increased severity in
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
thedepression symptoms. The total scores for each subject obtained from this multi-
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
item scale are considered to be at the interval level of measurement (Gray et al., 2017
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
; Waltz et al., 2017).
`! `! `! `! ` ! `! `!
5. Were nonparametric or parametric analysis techniques used to analyze the CDS
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
scores for the cardiac patients in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
`! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `!
Answer: Parametric statistics, such as mean and SD, were conducted to describe CDS
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! ` !
scores for study participants (see Table 1). CDS scores are interval-
`! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
level data as indicated in Questions 5, so parametric statistics are appropriate for this
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
level of data (Gray et al., 2017; Kim & Mallory, 2017).
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
7. Is the prevalence of depression linked to the NYHA class? Discuss the clinical
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
importance of this result.
`! `! `! `! `!
Answer: The study narrative indicated that the prevalence of depression increased with
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `!
the greater NYHA class. In NYHA class III, 64% of the subjects were
`! `! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
depressed, whereas 11% of the subjects were depressed in NYHA class I.
` ! ` ! `! ` ! ` ! ` ! `! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
Thus, as the NYHA class increased, the number of sub-
` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! `! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
jects with depression increased. This is an expected finding because as the NYHA
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
classincreases, cardiac patients have more severe physical symptoms, which usually
`! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! ` !
result in emotional distress, such as depression. Nurses need to actively assess cardiac
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
patients for depression, especially those in higher NYHA classes, so they
`! `! `! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
might be diagnosed and treated as needed.
` ! ` ! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `!
8. What frequency and percent of cardiac patients in this study were not being trea
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
ted with an antidepressant? Show your calculations and round your answer to the
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
nearest whole percent (%).
`! `! `! `!
Answer: A total of 106 cardiac patients participated in this study. The ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `!
sample included 15 patients who were receiving an antidepressant (see Table 1).
` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
The number of cardiac patients not treated for depression was 91 (106 –
`! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! ` ! `! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
15 = 91). The group percent is calculated by the following formula: (group
` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `!
frequency ÷ total sample size) × 100%. For this study, (91 patients ÷
` ! `! ` ! ` ! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` !
106 sample size) × 100% = 0.858 × 100% = 85.8% = 86%. The final answer
` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
is rounded to the nearest whole percent as directed in the question. You
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `!
could have also subtracte d the 14% of patients treated with antidepressants from
` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! ` ! `!
100% and obtained the 86% who were not treated with an antidepressant.
`! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
t. What was the purpose of the 5-
` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `!
minute walk test (5MWT)? Would the 5MWT be useful in clinical practice? `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` !
Answer: Ha et al. (2018) stated, ―The 6- `! ` ! `! `! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
min walk test (6MWT) is a measure of the submaximal, steady-
` ! ` ! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! ` ! ` ! `! `!
state functional capacity‖ of cardiac patients. This test would be a quick, easy way to
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
determine a cardiac patient’s functional status in a clinical setting. This
`! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `!
, ` ! functionalstatus score could be used to determine the treatment plan to promote
`! `! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
` ! or maintain
` !
for Nursing Research A
Workbook for Evidence-
Based Practice 3rd Edition
by Susan K. Grove, All
Chapters | Complete Guide
A+
olution`!
`!
for
,
, AG 1-2 `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Grade ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
`! categories ensure that all salary levels are covered The categories are not exclusive, sinc e
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
`! categories-
(d) and (e) include an $80,000 salary, so study participants making $80,000 might
`! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `!
`! mark either (d) or (e) or both categories, resulting in erroneous data. Category (e) c
`! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! ` !
`! ould be changed to greater than $80,000, making the categories exclusive. The categor
`! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `!
`! ies can be rank ordered from the lowest salary to the highest salary, which is
`! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `!
`! consiste nt with ordinal data (Grove & Gray, 2019; Waltz et al., 2017). `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
1. What level of measurement is the CDS score? Provide a rationale for
` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
your answer. Answer: The CDS score is at the interval level of measurement. The
` ! ` ! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! ` ! `!
CDS is a 26- item Likert scale developed to measure depression in cardiac patients.
`! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
Study participants rated their symp-
`! `! ` ! `! `! `! `!
toms on a scale of 1 to 7, with higher numbers indicating increased severity in
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
thedepression symptoms. The total scores for each subject obtained from this multi-
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
item scale are considered to be at the interval level of measurement (Gray et al., 2017
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
; Waltz et al., 2017).
`! `! `! `! ` ! `! `!
5. Were nonparametric or parametric analysis techniques used to analyze the CDS
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
scores for the cardiac patients in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
`! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `!
Answer: Parametric statistics, such as mean and SD, were conducted to describe CDS
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! ` !
scores for study participants (see Table 1). CDS scores are interval-
`! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
level data as indicated in Questions 5, so parametric statistics are appropriate for this
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
level of data (Gray et al., 2017; Kim & Mallory, 2017).
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
7. Is the prevalence of depression linked to the NYHA class? Discuss the clinical
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
importance of this result.
`! `! `! `! `!
Answer: The study narrative indicated that the prevalence of depression increased with
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `!
the greater NYHA class. In NYHA class III, 64% of the subjects were
`! `! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
depressed, whereas 11% of the subjects were depressed in NYHA class I.
` ! ` ! `! ` ! ` ! ` ! `! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
Thus, as the NYHA class increased, the number of sub-
` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! `! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
jects with depression increased. This is an expected finding because as the NYHA
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
classincreases, cardiac patients have more severe physical symptoms, which usually
`! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! ` !
result in emotional distress, such as depression. Nurses need to actively assess cardiac
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
patients for depression, especially those in higher NYHA classes, so they
`! `! `! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
might be diagnosed and treated as needed.
` ! ` ! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `!
8. What frequency and percent of cardiac patients in this study were not being trea
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
ted with an antidepressant? Show your calculations and round your answer to the
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
nearest whole percent (%).
`! `! `! `!
Answer: A total of 106 cardiac patients participated in this study. The ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `!
sample included 15 patients who were receiving an antidepressant (see Table 1).
` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
The number of cardiac patients not treated for depression was 91 (106 –
`! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! ` ! `! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
15 = 91). The group percent is calculated by the following formula: (group
` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `!
frequency ÷ total sample size) × 100%. For this study, (91 patients ÷
` ! `! ` ! ` ! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` !
106 sample size) × 100% = 0.858 × 100% = 85.8% = 86%. The final answer
` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
is rounded to the nearest whole percent as directed in the question. You
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `!
could have also subtracte d the 14% of patients treated with antidepressants from
` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! ` ! `!
100% and obtained the 86% who were not treated with an antidepressant.
`! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
t. What was the purpose of the 5-
` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! ` ! `! ` ! `! `!
minute walk test (5MWT)? Would the 5MWT be useful in clinical practice? `! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! ` !
Answer: Ha et al. (2018) stated, ―The 6- `! ` ! `! `! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
min walk test (6MWT) is a measure of the submaximal, steady-
` ! ` ! ` ! `! ` ! `! `! `! `! ` ! ` ! `! `!
state functional capacity‖ of cardiac patients. This test would be a quick, easy way to
`! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `! `!
determine a cardiac patient’s functional status in a clinical setting. This
`! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! `! ` ! `! ` ! `!
, ` ! functionalstatus score could be used to determine the treatment plan to promote
`! `! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` ! ` !
` ! or maintain
` !
