Class notes micro 102

Introduction To Microbiology
Introduction to Microbiology Basics

Characteristics of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

 Prokaryotes:

 Unique cells without a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

 Examples: bacteria and archaea

 Eukaryotes:

 Cells with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

 Examples: protozoa, algae, fungi, plants, and animals

Bacterial Architecture and Components

 Cell wall:

 Provides structural support and protection

 Made of peptidoglycan in most bacteria

 Membranes:

 Cytoplasmic membrane for transport and energy production

 Outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria

 Nucleoid:

 Area where DNA is loosely coiled

 No true nucleus

 Ribosomes:

 Site of protein synthesis

 Smaller in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes

Gram Staining and Bacterial Identification

 Gram staining:

 Differentiates bacteria based on cell wall composition

 Gram-positive: retains crystal violet stain

 Gram-negative: does not retain crystal violet stain

 Identification: