CLINICAL CORRELATES UNIT 13
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS { GRADED A+}
Alkalemia - ✔✔Blood pH above 7.45
Acidemia - ✔✔Blood pH below 7.35
Respiratory Acidosis - ✔✔Acidosis caused by increased partial pressure of CO2
in the blood.
Metabolic Acidosis - ✔✔Acidosis caused by decreased HCO3- levels, which can
be caused by the accumulation of acids, renal/GI wasting of HCO3-, or rapid
dilution of extracellular fluid.
High-Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis - ✔✔A form of metabolic acidosis
associated with buildup of acids that leads to accumulation of unmeasured anions,
, CONSUMING bicarbonate and increasing (unmeasured) anion gap. Examples of
this would be diabetic ketoacidosis.
Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis - ✔✔A form of metabolic acidosis
associated with renal dysfunction/diarrhea causing the LOSS of plasma
bicarbonate, which is replaced by chloride. No change in (measured) anion gap.
Polycythemia - ✔✔Abnormally high hematocrit levels that could be caused by
ectopic erythropoietin production by cancer cells, reduced blood oxygen levels, or
dehydration. Commonly associated with increased erythropoietin levels.
Aplastic Anemia - ✔✔Bone marrow failure leading to deficient erythropoiesis
producing abnormally low hematocrit levels. Pancytopenia can also occur,
decreasing platelet counts, leading to potential hemorrhagic disorders/excessive
bleeding. Can be genetic or environmentally induced. Reticulocyte levels also
reduced.
Iron-Deficiency Anemia - ✔✔Decrease in hemoglobin synthesis due to low iron
levels, impairing oxygen carrying capacity of RBCs. Often associated with low
reticulocyte count due to progressively deficient erythropoiesis.
Pernicious Anemia - ✔✔Vitamin B12 deficiency that prevents normal production
of RBCs and is often coupled with low reticulocyte counts.
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS { GRADED A+}
Alkalemia - ✔✔Blood pH above 7.45
Acidemia - ✔✔Blood pH below 7.35
Respiratory Acidosis - ✔✔Acidosis caused by increased partial pressure of CO2
in the blood.
Metabolic Acidosis - ✔✔Acidosis caused by decreased HCO3- levels, which can
be caused by the accumulation of acids, renal/GI wasting of HCO3-, or rapid
dilution of extracellular fluid.
High-Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis - ✔✔A form of metabolic acidosis
associated with buildup of acids that leads to accumulation of unmeasured anions,
, CONSUMING bicarbonate and increasing (unmeasured) anion gap. Examples of
this would be diabetic ketoacidosis.
Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis - ✔✔A form of metabolic acidosis
associated with renal dysfunction/diarrhea causing the LOSS of plasma
bicarbonate, which is replaced by chloride. No change in (measured) anion gap.
Polycythemia - ✔✔Abnormally high hematocrit levels that could be caused by
ectopic erythropoietin production by cancer cells, reduced blood oxygen levels, or
dehydration. Commonly associated with increased erythropoietin levels.
Aplastic Anemia - ✔✔Bone marrow failure leading to deficient erythropoiesis
producing abnormally low hematocrit levels. Pancytopenia can also occur,
decreasing platelet counts, leading to potential hemorrhagic disorders/excessive
bleeding. Can be genetic or environmentally induced. Reticulocyte levels also
reduced.
Iron-Deficiency Anemia - ✔✔Decrease in hemoglobin synthesis due to low iron
levels, impairing oxygen carrying capacity of RBCs. Often associated with low
reticulocyte count due to progressively deficient erythropoiesis.
Pernicious Anemia - ✔✔Vitamin B12 deficiency that prevents normal production
of RBCs and is often coupled with low reticulocyte counts.
