CSD 350 Exam 4 Questions And 100% Correct Answers
what is aphasia? -Answer -loss of language abilities due to injury to the brain.
-most frequently because of a stroke. cerebrovascular accident=stroke. CVA.
-tumors and head trauma can also lead to aphasia.
what causes a CVA? -Answer -occurs when a portion of the brain is deprived of its blood
supply= ischemia.
-duration of period of blood deprivation determines the severity of the stroke. When the
period is very long, death may occur to the brain cells.
-cerebral infarct : tissues die due to serious ischemia
Occlusive CVAs -account for 75% of strokes
-2 types
-cerebral thrombosis: formation of a blood clot at a fixed point in a cerebral artery. This
develops from the wall and occludes the artery.
cerebral embolism: a clot travels through artery until it lodges in a fixed location
resulting in ischemia, or possibly infarction.
hemorrhagic strokes - Answer -25% of all CVAs.
-caused by uncontrolled bleeding into the brain due to the rupture of a weakened blood
vessel that has formed an aneurysm.
-aneurysm: ballooning out of the wall of an artery.
-hematoma: pool of blood resulting from hemorrhage.
5 major changes following a CVA - Answer -in a word, the brain shuts down.
1. reduced volume of cerebral blood flow in both hemispheres, not only one w/CVA.
2. increased NT release, which can be measured by spinal tap.
3. reduced glucose metabolism. xlt low functioning.
, 4. swelling (edema) starts on the second day post trauma and may last for days.
5. Edema causes increase in intracranial pressure and pushes against ventricles. Shunt
can be placed to alleviate pressure.
CT Scan
What does a cerebral infarction appear like? -Answer- CT scan reveals the extent and
location of the CVA.
Area of cerebral infarction appears as a darker area of
Middle cerebral artery -Answer- MCA
Branches off circle of Willis and provides a large portion of the brain
Where aphasia-producing CVAs take place.
broca/tan - Anwer -broca: first to identify parts of the brain involved in language
processing.
-tan: patient. could comprehend spoken language. no motor deficits of tongue or vocal
tract, but couldn't utter a complete sentence or express self in writing. only word he
uttered was "tan."
-broca did find a large lesion in the left inferior frontal cortex of tan's brain (autopsy).
-concluded that we speak with the left hemisphere. language center is posterior portion
of left frontal cortex region. broca's area, 44.
broca's aphasia - Answer 1. speech output is effortful and laborious. poorly articulated
with monotone delivery.
2. numerous speech errors.
3. reduction in phrase/sentence length.
4. comprehension is basically normal if grammatical understanding is not crucial for
understanding.
5. reading and writing are affected as much as spoken speech.
Speech Errors - Answer -Phonemic Paraphasias: Error on single sound. /gaet/ instead of
/kaet/.
-Verbal Paraphasias: Error on single word. "Sister" instead of "mother."
what is aphasia? -Answer -loss of language abilities due to injury to the brain.
-most frequently because of a stroke. cerebrovascular accident=stroke. CVA.
-tumors and head trauma can also lead to aphasia.
what causes a CVA? -Answer -occurs when a portion of the brain is deprived of its blood
supply= ischemia.
-duration of period of blood deprivation determines the severity of the stroke. When the
period is very long, death may occur to the brain cells.
-cerebral infarct : tissues die due to serious ischemia
Occlusive CVAs -account for 75% of strokes
-2 types
-cerebral thrombosis: formation of a blood clot at a fixed point in a cerebral artery. This
develops from the wall and occludes the artery.
cerebral embolism: a clot travels through artery until it lodges in a fixed location
resulting in ischemia, or possibly infarction.
hemorrhagic strokes - Answer -25% of all CVAs.
-caused by uncontrolled bleeding into the brain due to the rupture of a weakened blood
vessel that has formed an aneurysm.
-aneurysm: ballooning out of the wall of an artery.
-hematoma: pool of blood resulting from hemorrhage.
5 major changes following a CVA - Answer -in a word, the brain shuts down.
1. reduced volume of cerebral blood flow in both hemispheres, not only one w/CVA.
2. increased NT release, which can be measured by spinal tap.
3. reduced glucose metabolism. xlt low functioning.
, 4. swelling (edema) starts on the second day post trauma and may last for days.
5. Edema causes increase in intracranial pressure and pushes against ventricles. Shunt
can be placed to alleviate pressure.
CT Scan
What does a cerebral infarction appear like? -Answer- CT scan reveals the extent and
location of the CVA.
Area of cerebral infarction appears as a darker area of
Middle cerebral artery -Answer- MCA
Branches off circle of Willis and provides a large portion of the brain
Where aphasia-producing CVAs take place.
broca/tan - Anwer -broca: first to identify parts of the brain involved in language
processing.
-tan: patient. could comprehend spoken language. no motor deficits of tongue or vocal
tract, but couldn't utter a complete sentence or express self in writing. only word he
uttered was "tan."
-broca did find a large lesion in the left inferior frontal cortex of tan's brain (autopsy).
-concluded that we speak with the left hemisphere. language center is posterior portion
of left frontal cortex region. broca's area, 44.
broca's aphasia - Answer 1. speech output is effortful and laborious. poorly articulated
with monotone delivery.
2. numerous speech errors.
3. reduction in phrase/sentence length.
4. comprehension is basically normal if grammatical understanding is not crucial for
understanding.
5. reading and writing are affected as much as spoken speech.
Speech Errors - Answer -Phonemic Paraphasias: Error on single sound. /gaet/ instead of
/kaet/.
-Verbal Paraphasias: Error on single word. "Sister" instead of "mother."
