CSD 350 Exam 3 Review Questions And Accurate Answers
What is ALS? -Answer Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
What is the abbreviation of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? -Answer ALS
What are other names for ALS? -Answer -Motor Neurone Disease
-Lou Gehrig's Disease
What is the etymology behind the name Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? -Answer
a-myo-trophic = "no muscle nourishment"
Lateral = Because lateral spinal cord is affected
Sclerosis=Scarring/hardening
What are the symptoms of ALS? -Answer -Stiff Muscles
-Muscle Twitching
-Weakness as muscles decrease in size
What causes symptoms of the disease? -Answer Death of motor neurons in the motor
cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord
What does ALS affect that impacts an individual's ability to complete daily functions?
-Answer Ability to speak, move, swallow, and breathe
How does Stephen Hawking's assistive technology work? -Answer -Utilized an
eye-blink/cheek movement system
-Cursor moves over screen and he moves his cheek to select
,-Also has predictive word technology
What does BCI stand for? -Answer Brain Computer Interface
What is a BCIs? - Answer Technology that takes advantage of the brain signal to control
an external device
What is the function of BCIs? - Answer Assist, augment, or repair sensory/motor
function
P300 Speller The wearable cap or headset sensing EEG. You see the rows and columns
blinking and you think about which letter you want to choose. When your desired letter
lights up, the changed brain activity selects that letter.
How does the P300 Speller work? -Cap/headset that is worn and sensing EEG. You see
rows and columns blinking and you think about which letter you want to choose. When
you desired letter light up, the brain activity changes and it chooses that letter.
What type of method does the P300 Speller Use? -Brain "Decoding"
Decoding of the Brain: What is it? -Taking several brain signals and trying to make a
guess as to which stimulus the person saw/hear/felt
How would you use a fMRI to decode semantic categories? -Stick someone in a fMRI
scanner, play LOTS of stimuli (Audio OR Visual)
Look at which brain areas responds for each semantic category
Play new stimuli, and try use the brain activity alone to guess what topics were in the
stimuli
How can you use an ECoG to decode phonemes? -Answer-Get patient who can think
about what they want to say but can't physically produce it
1. Subject tries to say something
, 2. Attempts to send message to mouth, jaw, articulators, but can't. So you would record
from the surgically implanted electrodes
3. Send these signals to computer or interface and it matches brain patterns to the
associated sounds
4. Can create speech with synthesizer (Not always accurate)
iosk
What qualities make for a good BCI? -Answer -Fast processing
-Accurate decoder
- "start and stop" decoding feature
-Least invasive features
-Good power source
What qualities make for a bad BCI? -Answer -Can be slow
-Invasion of privacy of thoughts
-Not accurate decoding
-Invasive
-Costly
What is the Left Brain vs Right Brain fallacy? -Answer -Says we only use one side of out
brain at a time
Left side is more analytical
Right side is more creative
**FALSE**
What is Lateralization in the brain? - Answer Some functions may use one side of the
brain more than the other
How is language lateralized in the brain? - Answer Most right handers have language
lateralized in the left hemisphere
What are some common structural asymmetries in the brain? -Right-handed individuals
What is ALS? -Answer Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
What is the abbreviation of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? -Answer ALS
What are other names for ALS? -Answer -Motor Neurone Disease
-Lou Gehrig's Disease
What is the etymology behind the name Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? -Answer
a-myo-trophic = "no muscle nourishment"
Lateral = Because lateral spinal cord is affected
Sclerosis=Scarring/hardening
What are the symptoms of ALS? -Answer -Stiff Muscles
-Muscle Twitching
-Weakness as muscles decrease in size
What causes symptoms of the disease? -Answer Death of motor neurons in the motor
cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord
What does ALS affect that impacts an individual's ability to complete daily functions?
-Answer Ability to speak, move, swallow, and breathe
How does Stephen Hawking's assistive technology work? -Answer -Utilized an
eye-blink/cheek movement system
-Cursor moves over screen and he moves his cheek to select
,-Also has predictive word technology
What does BCI stand for? -Answer Brain Computer Interface
What is a BCIs? - Answer Technology that takes advantage of the brain signal to control
an external device
What is the function of BCIs? - Answer Assist, augment, or repair sensory/motor
function
P300 Speller The wearable cap or headset sensing EEG. You see the rows and columns
blinking and you think about which letter you want to choose. When your desired letter
lights up, the changed brain activity selects that letter.
How does the P300 Speller work? -Cap/headset that is worn and sensing EEG. You see
rows and columns blinking and you think about which letter you want to choose. When
you desired letter light up, the brain activity changes and it chooses that letter.
What type of method does the P300 Speller Use? -Brain "Decoding"
Decoding of the Brain: What is it? -Taking several brain signals and trying to make a
guess as to which stimulus the person saw/hear/felt
How would you use a fMRI to decode semantic categories? -Stick someone in a fMRI
scanner, play LOTS of stimuli (Audio OR Visual)
Look at which brain areas responds for each semantic category
Play new stimuli, and try use the brain activity alone to guess what topics were in the
stimuli
How can you use an ECoG to decode phonemes? -Answer-Get patient who can think
about what they want to say but can't physically produce it
1. Subject tries to say something
, 2. Attempts to send message to mouth, jaw, articulators, but can't. So you would record
from the surgically implanted electrodes
3. Send these signals to computer or interface and it matches brain patterns to the
associated sounds
4. Can create speech with synthesizer (Not always accurate)
iosk
What qualities make for a good BCI? -Answer -Fast processing
-Accurate decoder
- "start and stop" decoding feature
-Least invasive features
-Good power source
What qualities make for a bad BCI? -Answer -Can be slow
-Invasion of privacy of thoughts
-Not accurate decoding
-Invasive
-Costly
What is the Left Brain vs Right Brain fallacy? -Answer -Says we only use one side of out
brain at a time
Left side is more analytical
Right side is more creative
**FALSE**
What is Lateralization in the brain? - Answer Some functions may use one side of the
brain more than the other
How is language lateralized in the brain? - Answer Most right handers have language
lateralized in the left hemisphere
What are some common structural asymmetries in the brain? -Right-handed individuals
