NUSC 3P14 - Mental Health-
Term Test 2 Study Set
List the criteria for admission to inpatient care - Answer 1. Imminent danger of harming
self
2. Imminent danger of harming others
3. Inability to care for basic needs, placing individual at imminent risk of harming self
Major target of the drugs used to treat mental health disorders is: - Answer The
interaction between neurotransmitters and receptors
What are 2 types of neuroimaging techniques? - Answer 1. Structural
2. Functional
Structural imaging techniques, such as _ _ and _ _ _, identify - Answer Computed
tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), gross anatomical changes in the
brain
Functional imaging techniques, such as _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _, reveal - Answer Positron
emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT),
physiological activity in the brain
Pharmacodynamics - Answer The biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the
body which include the mechanisms of drugs action and its effect.
Pharmacokinetics - Answer The actions of the body on the drug and involves absorption
and distribution of an administered drug.
3 hypothesis of antidepressant medications - Answer 1. The monoamine hypothesis of
depression
2. The monoamine receptor hypothesis of depression
3. Increased production of neurotrophic factors
The monoamine hypothesis of depression - Answer Suggests there is a deficiency in one
or more of the 3 neurotransmitters - serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine. The theory
is that increasing these neurotransmitters alleviates depression.
The monoamine receptor hypothesis of depression - Answer Suggests that low levels of
neurotransmitters cause postsynaptic receptors to be up-regulated (increased in
sensitivity or number). Increasing of neurotransmitters by antidepressants results in
, down-regulation (desnsitization) of key neurotransmmitter receptors.
Increased production of neurotrophic factors - Answer Increased production of
neurotrophic factors with prolonged use. These factors regulate the survival of neurons
and enhance the sprouting of axons to form new synaptic connections.
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) - Answer - No longer considered first-line treatment for
depression since they have more adverse effects
- Take longer to reach an optimal dose
- Far more lethal in overdose
- Many of the TCAs also block the muscarinic receptors that bind to acetylcholine which
leads to typical anticholinergic effects
Examples of TCAs - Answer a) nortriptyline hydrochloride [Aventyl, Norventyl]
b) amitriptyline hydrochloride [Elavil, Levate]
c) imaprine hydrochloride [Impril]
Anticholinergic effects - Answer a) Blurred vision
b) Dry mouth
c) Tachycardia
d) Urinary retention
e) Constipation
SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) - Answer - Block reuptake and
destruction of serotonin
- Have less ability to bock the acetylcholine muscarinic and histamine-1 receptors than
do the TCAs
- As a result of more selective action, seem to show comparable efficacy without the
anticholinergic and sedating adverse effects that limit patient adherence to other drug
regimens
- AEs of SSRIs: stimulation of various serotonin receptors may inhibit the spinal reflexes
of orgasm, lead to apathy and low libido, and cause nausea or vomiting.
Examples of SSRIs - Answer a) Prozac
b) Cipralex
c) Zoloft
SNRIs (Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors) - Answer - Increase both
Term Test 2 Study Set
List the criteria for admission to inpatient care - Answer 1. Imminent danger of harming
self
2. Imminent danger of harming others
3. Inability to care for basic needs, placing individual at imminent risk of harming self
Major target of the drugs used to treat mental health disorders is: - Answer The
interaction between neurotransmitters and receptors
What are 2 types of neuroimaging techniques? - Answer 1. Structural
2. Functional
Structural imaging techniques, such as _ _ and _ _ _, identify - Answer Computed
tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), gross anatomical changes in the
brain
Functional imaging techniques, such as _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _, reveal - Answer Positron
emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT),
physiological activity in the brain
Pharmacodynamics - Answer The biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the
body which include the mechanisms of drugs action and its effect.
Pharmacokinetics - Answer The actions of the body on the drug and involves absorption
and distribution of an administered drug.
3 hypothesis of antidepressant medications - Answer 1. The monoamine hypothesis of
depression
2. The monoamine receptor hypothesis of depression
3. Increased production of neurotrophic factors
The monoamine hypothesis of depression - Answer Suggests there is a deficiency in one
or more of the 3 neurotransmitters - serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine. The theory
is that increasing these neurotransmitters alleviates depression.
The monoamine receptor hypothesis of depression - Answer Suggests that low levels of
neurotransmitters cause postsynaptic receptors to be up-regulated (increased in
sensitivity or number). Increasing of neurotransmitters by antidepressants results in
, down-regulation (desnsitization) of key neurotransmmitter receptors.
Increased production of neurotrophic factors - Answer Increased production of
neurotrophic factors with prolonged use. These factors regulate the survival of neurons
and enhance the sprouting of axons to form new synaptic connections.
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) - Answer - No longer considered first-line treatment for
depression since they have more adverse effects
- Take longer to reach an optimal dose
- Far more lethal in overdose
- Many of the TCAs also block the muscarinic receptors that bind to acetylcholine which
leads to typical anticholinergic effects
Examples of TCAs - Answer a) nortriptyline hydrochloride [Aventyl, Norventyl]
b) amitriptyline hydrochloride [Elavil, Levate]
c) imaprine hydrochloride [Impril]
Anticholinergic effects - Answer a) Blurred vision
b) Dry mouth
c) Tachycardia
d) Urinary retention
e) Constipation
SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) - Answer - Block reuptake and
destruction of serotonin
- Have less ability to bock the acetylcholine muscarinic and histamine-1 receptors than
do the TCAs
- As a result of more selective action, seem to show comparable efficacy without the
anticholinergic and sedating adverse effects that limit patient adherence to other drug
regimens
- AEs of SSRIs: stimulation of various serotonin receptors may inhibit the spinal reflexes
of orgasm, lead to apathy and low libido, and cause nausea or vomiting.
Examples of SSRIs - Answer a) Prozac
b) Cipralex
c) Zoloft
SNRIs (Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors) - Answer - Increase both
