ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
Certificate LATEST EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS |GRADED A
2024
The Normal Cell Cycle Correct Answer: -The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of
processes of DNA replication and mitosis, or cell division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing complexes
molecular information
Interphase and Mitotic Phase Correct Answer: Cell division produces two identical cells
through these two major phases
DNA Damage Checkpoints Correct Answer: -If DNA damage is present, cells are
programmed to stop dividing or undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death)
-The retinoblastoma protein (Rb), p53, and p21 are some of the most well-understood
inhibitory proteins (IP)
Inhibitory proteins p53 Correct Answer: -Levels of this IP regulate several important
target genes
-Will increase when DNA damage is present
,-Protects against inappropriate signal proliferation
-sometimes called the "suicide gene"
M Phase Checkpoints Correct Answer: When the cells prepare to divide, the
chromosomes line up in the mitotic spindle.
If the chromosomes are not properly aligned, division is not allowed to continue
Immunity Correct Answer:
Cells of the Immune System Correct Answer:
Pluripotent Stem Cell Correct Answer: -The cells of the immune system are created in
the bome marrow from what is know as a ___
-A stem cell that can differentiate into any cell type except for extraembryotic tissue,
does not yet have a function
Myeolid Precursor Cells Correct Answer: Mature into:
-RBCS
-Plts
-WBCs (Granulocytes)
,Lymphoid Precursor Cells Correct Answer: Mature into:
-Specialized WBCs called lymphocytes (Agranulocytes)
Lines of Defense: The Immune System's Response to Attack Correct Answer: Consists
of 2 types of immunity:
1: Innate
2: Adaptive
During interphase: Correct Answer: Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the
following three steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap) Correct Answer: -cells increase in size
, -reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
Synthesis Phase (S phase) Correct Answer: -DNA replicates
-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
Mitotic Phase (M phase) Correct Answer: -Replicated chromosomes are aligned,
separated, and move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from Correct Answer: -G1 checkpoint
-S Phase
Certificate LATEST EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS |GRADED A
2024
The Normal Cell Cycle Correct Answer: -The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of
processes of DNA replication and mitosis, or cell division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing complexes
molecular information
Interphase and Mitotic Phase Correct Answer: Cell division produces two identical cells
through these two major phases
DNA Damage Checkpoints Correct Answer: -If DNA damage is present, cells are
programmed to stop dividing or undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death)
-The retinoblastoma protein (Rb), p53, and p21 are some of the most well-understood
inhibitory proteins (IP)
Inhibitory proteins p53 Correct Answer: -Levels of this IP regulate several important
target genes
-Will increase when DNA damage is present
,-Protects against inappropriate signal proliferation
-sometimes called the "suicide gene"
M Phase Checkpoints Correct Answer: When the cells prepare to divide, the
chromosomes line up in the mitotic spindle.
If the chromosomes are not properly aligned, division is not allowed to continue
Immunity Correct Answer:
Cells of the Immune System Correct Answer:
Pluripotent Stem Cell Correct Answer: -The cells of the immune system are created in
the bome marrow from what is know as a ___
-A stem cell that can differentiate into any cell type except for extraembryotic tissue,
does not yet have a function
Myeolid Precursor Cells Correct Answer: Mature into:
-RBCS
-Plts
-WBCs (Granulocytes)
,Lymphoid Precursor Cells Correct Answer: Mature into:
-Specialized WBCs called lymphocytes (Agranulocytes)
Lines of Defense: The Immune System's Response to Attack Correct Answer: Consists
of 2 types of immunity:
1: Innate
2: Adaptive
During interphase: Correct Answer: Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the
following three steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap) Correct Answer: -cells increase in size
, -reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
Synthesis Phase (S phase) Correct Answer: -DNA replicates
-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
Mitotic Phase (M phase) Correct Answer: -Replicated chromosomes are aligned,
separated, and move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from Correct Answer: -G1 checkpoint
-S Phase
