VU
ENG 101
Professor Dr. Surriya Shaffi Mir
© Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan 1
,VU
Table of Contents
Page
Lecture No. Topic No.
Lecture No.01 Reading and Dictionary 4
Lecture No.02 Pronunciation 12
Lecture No.03 Reading for Main Idea 16
Lecture No.04 Reading: Topic, Main Idea 20
Lecture No.05 Reading: References 25
Lecture No.06 Reading Skills 30
Lecture No.07 Reading and Vocabulary 36
Lecture No.08 Word Formation- Prefixes 43
Lecture No.09 Reading: Description, Locating Information 51
Lecture No.10 Reading: Word Forms 59
Lecture No.11 Reading: Understanding Reading 66
Lecture No.12 Reading: Making Inferences 73
Lecture No.13 Reading: Assessing the Text 80
Lecture No.14 Reading: Assessing Texts 86
Lecture No.15 Evaluating Texts: Interpreting Visual Data 91
Lecture No.16 Reading: Evaluating Texts 102
Lecture No.17 Reading: Cloze for Comprehension 109
Lecture No.18 Reading: Skimming and Scanning 115
Lecture No.19 Reading: Scanning and Language Functions 122
Lecture No.20 Reading: Classifying, Cause and Effect Relationship 129
Lecture No.21 Reading: Presenting Information Graphically 137
Lecture No.22 Writing: Sentence Types 145
Lecture No.23 Writing: Effective Sentences: Unity, Coherence, Emphasis 153
Lecture No.24 WRITING: IDENTIFYING SENTENCE ERRORS 158
Lecture No.25 WRITING: REVISING SENTENCE ERRORS 163
Lecture No.26 Subject Verb Agreement 169
Lecture No.27 Writing 175
Lecture No.28 Word Choice 182
Lecture No.29 Punctuation 190
Lecture No.30 Writing: Paragraphs: Structural Parts 199
Lecture No.31 Writing: Paragraph 203
Lecture No.32 Writing: Paragraphs 209
Lecture No.33 Writing: Essay Writing 216
Lecture No.34 Essay writing 222
Lecture No.35 Writing: Essay Outlines 228
Lecture No.36 Writing: Selecting and Researching an Essay Topic 234
Lecture No.37 Writing: Ways of Organizing Texts: Linear 240
Lecture No.38 Writing: Ways of Organizing Texts 244
Lecture No.39 Writing: Ways of Organizing Texts 248
Lecture No.40 Writing Skills 252
Lecture No.41 Writing: Summary Writing 257
2
,VU
Lecture No.42 Grammar and Usage: Tenses and Passive Sentences 261
Lecture No.43 Grammar and Usage: Word Order: Adverbs 268
Lecture No.44 Grammar and Usage: Articles 277
Lecture No.45 Language Functions: Language Forms and Functions 286
© Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan 3
, VU
Lesson -01
Reading and Dictionary
This lesson is in two parts. In the first part, you will learn about the:
• uses of a language dictionary
• how to use a dictionary
In the second part of the lesson, you will read an interesting story.
Definition of Dictionary
A dictionary is a book that not only lists and records the words of a language but it also tells you
how speakers of the language spell, pronounce, define, explain and use the words of their
language.
Reference Book - provides useful information. It is valuable only if you learn how to use it
correctly and efficiently.
List of Dictionary Uses (9)
The following is a list of things that can be learned from a dictionary:
(i) Spelling
(ii) Pronunciation
iii) Part of speech
iv) Origin of word
(v) Meaning/explanation
(vi) Usage/restrictive lables
(vii) Synonyms & antonyms
(viii) Foreign words & phrases
ix) General information.
i) Spelling
Many students find English spelling very confusing. So what do you do? Consult your
dictionary. It will clarify your confusion by showing you the different spellings of the
same word.
Look at the words catalogue and theatre. You must have noticed that the dictionary lists
both BRE and AE/US spelling of the words. Both are correct.
Exercise (i) Spelling:
Use the dictionary to answer the following questions about spelling.
4
ENG 101
Professor Dr. Surriya Shaffi Mir
© Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan 1
,VU
Table of Contents
Page
Lecture No. Topic No.
Lecture No.01 Reading and Dictionary 4
Lecture No.02 Pronunciation 12
Lecture No.03 Reading for Main Idea 16
Lecture No.04 Reading: Topic, Main Idea 20
Lecture No.05 Reading: References 25
Lecture No.06 Reading Skills 30
Lecture No.07 Reading and Vocabulary 36
Lecture No.08 Word Formation- Prefixes 43
Lecture No.09 Reading: Description, Locating Information 51
Lecture No.10 Reading: Word Forms 59
Lecture No.11 Reading: Understanding Reading 66
Lecture No.12 Reading: Making Inferences 73
Lecture No.13 Reading: Assessing the Text 80
Lecture No.14 Reading: Assessing Texts 86
Lecture No.15 Evaluating Texts: Interpreting Visual Data 91
Lecture No.16 Reading: Evaluating Texts 102
Lecture No.17 Reading: Cloze for Comprehension 109
Lecture No.18 Reading: Skimming and Scanning 115
Lecture No.19 Reading: Scanning and Language Functions 122
Lecture No.20 Reading: Classifying, Cause and Effect Relationship 129
Lecture No.21 Reading: Presenting Information Graphically 137
Lecture No.22 Writing: Sentence Types 145
Lecture No.23 Writing: Effective Sentences: Unity, Coherence, Emphasis 153
Lecture No.24 WRITING: IDENTIFYING SENTENCE ERRORS 158
Lecture No.25 WRITING: REVISING SENTENCE ERRORS 163
Lecture No.26 Subject Verb Agreement 169
Lecture No.27 Writing 175
Lecture No.28 Word Choice 182
Lecture No.29 Punctuation 190
Lecture No.30 Writing: Paragraphs: Structural Parts 199
Lecture No.31 Writing: Paragraph 203
Lecture No.32 Writing: Paragraphs 209
Lecture No.33 Writing: Essay Writing 216
Lecture No.34 Essay writing 222
Lecture No.35 Writing: Essay Outlines 228
Lecture No.36 Writing: Selecting and Researching an Essay Topic 234
Lecture No.37 Writing: Ways of Organizing Texts: Linear 240
Lecture No.38 Writing: Ways of Organizing Texts 244
Lecture No.39 Writing: Ways of Organizing Texts 248
Lecture No.40 Writing Skills 252
Lecture No.41 Writing: Summary Writing 257
2
,VU
Lecture No.42 Grammar and Usage: Tenses and Passive Sentences 261
Lecture No.43 Grammar and Usage: Word Order: Adverbs 268
Lecture No.44 Grammar and Usage: Articles 277
Lecture No.45 Language Functions: Language Forms and Functions 286
© Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan 3
, VU
Lesson -01
Reading and Dictionary
This lesson is in two parts. In the first part, you will learn about the:
• uses of a language dictionary
• how to use a dictionary
In the second part of the lesson, you will read an interesting story.
Definition of Dictionary
A dictionary is a book that not only lists and records the words of a language but it also tells you
how speakers of the language spell, pronounce, define, explain and use the words of their
language.
Reference Book - provides useful information. It is valuable only if you learn how to use it
correctly and efficiently.
List of Dictionary Uses (9)
The following is a list of things that can be learned from a dictionary:
(i) Spelling
(ii) Pronunciation
iii) Part of speech
iv) Origin of word
(v) Meaning/explanation
(vi) Usage/restrictive lables
(vii) Synonyms & antonyms
(viii) Foreign words & phrases
ix) General information.
i) Spelling
Many students find English spelling very confusing. So what do you do? Consult your
dictionary. It will clarify your confusion by showing you the different spellings of the
same word.
Look at the words catalogue and theatre. You must have noticed that the dictionary lists
both BRE and AE/US spelling of the words. Both are correct.
Exercise (i) Spelling:
Use the dictionary to answer the following questions about spelling.
4
