CTBS Foundations questions and answers Rated A.docx

CTBS Foundations questions and answers Rated A. What are the 5 major phospholipids? 1. Phosphotidylcholine 2. Sphingomyelin 3. Phosphotidylethanolamine 4. Phosphotidylserine 5. Phosphatidylinositol What are the outer phosphalipids? Phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin What are the inner phosphalipids? Phosphotidylethanolamine, Phosphotidylserine! Phosphatidylinositol How are peripheral membrane proteins anchored to the membrane? To the inner or outer leaflet via noncovalent bonds What are glycoproteins? Covalentky attached carbohydrates to amino acids What do glycoproteins do? Cell to cell recognition What are the three types of transporter proteins? uniports, symports, and antiports What do protein channels to do? Hydrophilic pores to let things through down the electrochemical gradient What 3 things impact membrane fluidity? 1. Higher temp means more fluid membrane 2. More double bonds means a more fluid membrane 3. Cholesterol increases fluidity at low temps and decreases at high temps What does Nernst potential calculate? Equilibrium potential Nonequilibrium steady state Charged cell membrane where the charge can be used as potential energy Passive transport moved ions from [...] to [...] concentrations Passive transport moved ions from high to low concentrations Active transport moved ions from [...] to [...] concentrations Active transport moved ions from low to high concentrations Simple diffusion means that [...] Simple diffusion means that no energy or helper is needed going across Osmotic pressure is [...] Osmotic pressure is the force of water moving across a cell membrane in osmosis Hypertonic means [...] Hypertonic means more concentrated with solute than the other thing on the other side Hypotonic means [...] Hypotonic means less concentrated with solute than the other thing The three main G protein types are [...] The three main G protein types are Gs,Gi,Gq What happens when PKA phosphorylates a protein? It is either activated or inactivated When the alpha subunit of Gs is activated by [...] it activates [...] When the alpha subunit of Gs is activated by GTP it activates Adenylate Cyclades When Adenylate cyclase is activated it produces [...] When Adenylate cyclase is activated it produces cAMP When cAMP activates [...], [...] drops its regulatory subunits and retains its catalytic subunits When cAMP activates PKA, PKA drops its regulatory subunits and retains its catalytic subunits What happens when cAMP enters the nucleus? It phosphorylates CREB and can turn on or off certain genes