NYS EMT EXAM, PRACTICE EXAM, WRITTEN EXAM,
READINESS EXAM AND COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
LATEST 2024 ALL IN ONE DOCUMENT COMPLETE 500
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+
emphysema - ANSWER: A disease that progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli;
common of COPD
appears as - tripodding, barrel chest, pursed lips, increased residual volume
acute coronary syndrome - ANSWER: sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply
to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction
pneumothorax - ANSWER: air or gas in the pleural cavity
atelectasis - ANSWER: collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs
COPD - ANSWER: a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow
that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible
hypoxic drive - ANSWER: a "backup system" to control respiration; senses drops in
the oxygen level in the blood.
diphtheria - ANSWER: An infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the
pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx.
S/S: difficulty breathing/ swallowing, sore throat, thick, gray buildup in throat or
nose, fever
croup - ANSWER: caused by inflammation and swelling of the pharynx, larynx, and
trachea; often secondary to an acute viral infection of the upper respiratory tract
and is typically seen in children between the ages of 6 mnths and 3 yrs
S/S: seal-bark cough
Treatment: humidified oxygen
epiglottitis - ANSWER: inflammation of the epiglottis; bacterial infection is the most
common cause
S/S: drooling, sore throat, high fever, tripod position
pulmonary edema - ANSWER: A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of
congestive heart failure.
high BP and low cardiac output often trigger it
S/S: dyspnea, rapid/ shallow respirations, frothy pink sputum (severe)
,pleural effusion (PE) - ANSWER: fluid outside the lung on one or both sides of the
chest; compressing the lung(s)
S/S: dyspnea, decreased breath sounds
pulmonary embolism - ANSWER: a blood clot formed in the vein
S/S: dyspnea, cyanosis (severe), tachycardia, acute chest pain, hemoptysis,
tachypnea
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - ANSWER: severe shortness of breath, especially at
night after several hours of reclining; the person is forced to sit up to breathe
atrium - ANSWER: upper chamber; receives incoming blood
ventricle - ANSWER: lower chamber, pumps blood out of the heart
how blood moves through the heart - ANSWER: blood from the vena cava enters the
right atrium (deoxygenated)
fills the right ventricle
blood flows into the pulmonary artery
into the lungs to become oxygenated
blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein
blood enters the left atrium
passes into the left ventricle
left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta
autonomic nervous system - ANSWER: part of the brain that controls the functions of
the body that do not require conscious thought
consists of: sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system
I.E. heartbeat, respirations, digestion of food, dilation and constriction of blood
vessels
sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER: fight or flight system and makes
adjustments to the body to compensate for increased physical activity
I.E. speeds up HR, increases RR and depth, dilates blood vessels in the muscles, and
constricts blood vessels in the digestive system
parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER: opposite of sympathetic nervous
system; slows the body down
I.E. slows HR and RR, constricts blood vessels in the muscles and dilates blood vessels
in the digestive system
ischemia - ANSWER: decreased blood flow (generally caused by a blood clot)
occlusion - ANSWER: blockage
lumen - ANSWER: inside diameter of the artery
, atherosclerosis - ANSWER: a disorder in which calcium and fatty material called
cholesterol build up and form plaque inside the walls of blood vessels, obstructing
flow and interfering with their ability to dilate or contract
thromboembolism - ANSWER: a blood clot that is floating through blood vessels until
it reaches an area too narrow for it to pass, causing it to stop and block the blood
flow at that point
acute myocardial infraction (AMI) - ANSWER: occurs when blood flow to the heart
muscle is abruptly cut off, causing tissue damage. usually the result of a blockage in
one or more of the coronary arteries.
heart attack
angina pectoris - ANSWER: occurs when the heart's need for oxygen exceeds its
supply
i.e. heart tissues are not getting enough oxygen
congestive heart failure (CHF) - ANSWER: failure of the heart occurs when the
ventricular myocardium is so profoundly damaged that it can no longer keep up with
the return flow of blood to the atria
can occur any time after myocardial infraction, in the setting of heart valve damage,
or as a consequence of long-standing high BP
dependent edema - ANSWER: the collection of fluid in the part of the body that is
closest to the ground
aortic aneurysm - ANSWER: a weakness in the wall of the aorta that makes it
susceptible to rupture.
dissecting aneurysm - ANSWER: occurs when inner layers of the aorta become
separated, allowing blood to flow between the layers
cardiogenic shock - ANSWER: Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or
pump failure
obstructive shock - ANSWER: caused by an obstruction that prevents an adequate
volume of blood from being distributed to the body
I.E. cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, and pulmonary embolism
Beck triad - ANSWER: S/S of cardiac tamponade;
presence of JVD, muffled heart sounds, and a narrowing pulse pressure (systolic and
diastolic merge; systolic decreases, diastolic increases)
distributive shock - ANSWER: results when there is widespread dilation of the small
arterioles, small venules, or both. as a result, the circulating blood volume pools in
the expanded vascular beds and tissue perfusion decreases
READINESS EXAM AND COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
LATEST 2024 ALL IN ONE DOCUMENT COMPLETE 500
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+
emphysema - ANSWER: A disease that progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli;
common of COPD
appears as - tripodding, barrel chest, pursed lips, increased residual volume
acute coronary syndrome - ANSWER: sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply
to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction
pneumothorax - ANSWER: air or gas in the pleural cavity
atelectasis - ANSWER: collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs
COPD - ANSWER: a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow
that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible
hypoxic drive - ANSWER: a "backup system" to control respiration; senses drops in
the oxygen level in the blood.
diphtheria - ANSWER: An infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the
pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx.
S/S: difficulty breathing/ swallowing, sore throat, thick, gray buildup in throat or
nose, fever
croup - ANSWER: caused by inflammation and swelling of the pharynx, larynx, and
trachea; often secondary to an acute viral infection of the upper respiratory tract
and is typically seen in children between the ages of 6 mnths and 3 yrs
S/S: seal-bark cough
Treatment: humidified oxygen
epiglottitis - ANSWER: inflammation of the epiglottis; bacterial infection is the most
common cause
S/S: drooling, sore throat, high fever, tripod position
pulmonary edema - ANSWER: A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of
congestive heart failure.
high BP and low cardiac output often trigger it
S/S: dyspnea, rapid/ shallow respirations, frothy pink sputum (severe)
,pleural effusion (PE) - ANSWER: fluid outside the lung on one or both sides of the
chest; compressing the lung(s)
S/S: dyspnea, decreased breath sounds
pulmonary embolism - ANSWER: a blood clot formed in the vein
S/S: dyspnea, cyanosis (severe), tachycardia, acute chest pain, hemoptysis,
tachypnea
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - ANSWER: severe shortness of breath, especially at
night after several hours of reclining; the person is forced to sit up to breathe
atrium - ANSWER: upper chamber; receives incoming blood
ventricle - ANSWER: lower chamber, pumps blood out of the heart
how blood moves through the heart - ANSWER: blood from the vena cava enters the
right atrium (deoxygenated)
fills the right ventricle
blood flows into the pulmonary artery
into the lungs to become oxygenated
blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein
blood enters the left atrium
passes into the left ventricle
left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta
autonomic nervous system - ANSWER: part of the brain that controls the functions of
the body that do not require conscious thought
consists of: sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system
I.E. heartbeat, respirations, digestion of food, dilation and constriction of blood
vessels
sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER: fight or flight system and makes
adjustments to the body to compensate for increased physical activity
I.E. speeds up HR, increases RR and depth, dilates blood vessels in the muscles, and
constricts blood vessels in the digestive system
parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER: opposite of sympathetic nervous
system; slows the body down
I.E. slows HR and RR, constricts blood vessels in the muscles and dilates blood vessels
in the digestive system
ischemia - ANSWER: decreased blood flow (generally caused by a blood clot)
occlusion - ANSWER: blockage
lumen - ANSWER: inside diameter of the artery
, atherosclerosis - ANSWER: a disorder in which calcium and fatty material called
cholesterol build up and form plaque inside the walls of blood vessels, obstructing
flow and interfering with their ability to dilate or contract
thromboembolism - ANSWER: a blood clot that is floating through blood vessels until
it reaches an area too narrow for it to pass, causing it to stop and block the blood
flow at that point
acute myocardial infraction (AMI) - ANSWER: occurs when blood flow to the heart
muscle is abruptly cut off, causing tissue damage. usually the result of a blockage in
one or more of the coronary arteries.
heart attack
angina pectoris - ANSWER: occurs when the heart's need for oxygen exceeds its
supply
i.e. heart tissues are not getting enough oxygen
congestive heart failure (CHF) - ANSWER: failure of the heart occurs when the
ventricular myocardium is so profoundly damaged that it can no longer keep up with
the return flow of blood to the atria
can occur any time after myocardial infraction, in the setting of heart valve damage,
or as a consequence of long-standing high BP
dependent edema - ANSWER: the collection of fluid in the part of the body that is
closest to the ground
aortic aneurysm - ANSWER: a weakness in the wall of the aorta that makes it
susceptible to rupture.
dissecting aneurysm - ANSWER: occurs when inner layers of the aorta become
separated, allowing blood to flow between the layers
cardiogenic shock - ANSWER: Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or
pump failure
obstructive shock - ANSWER: caused by an obstruction that prevents an adequate
volume of blood from being distributed to the body
I.E. cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, and pulmonary embolism
Beck triad - ANSWER: S/S of cardiac tamponade;
presence of JVD, muffled heart sounds, and a narrowing pulse pressure (systolic and
diastolic merge; systolic decreases, diastolic increases)
distributive shock - ANSWER: results when there is widespread dilation of the small
arterioles, small venules, or both. as a result, the circulating blood volume pools in
the expanded vascular beds and tissue perfusion decreases
