CELL CYCLE INTERPHASE
Checkpoint Longest phase
a critical control point in the Cell Cycle where “stop” Checkpoints are G1, S, and G2
and “go ahead” signals can regulate in the cycle
G1 Checkpoint (Restriction Point)
Cytokinesis The cell will only pass the checkpoint if it is
Division of the cytoplasm an appropriate size and has adequate energy
reserves.
Chromatin Checks for DNA damage
A complex of nucleic acid and basic proteins, which The cell becomes "committed" to the cell
condensed into chromosome in mitosis and meiosis cycle, which is determined by external factors
and signals
Interphase A cell that does not meet all the requirements
Stage where a cell prepares itself by replicating its own will not progress to the S phase.
genetic information and all its organelles The cell can halt the cycle and attempt to
remedy the problematic condition, or the cell
Centrioles can advance into G0 (inactive) phase and await
One of a pair of organelles that occurs especially in
further signals when conditions improve
animals, are adjacent to the nucleus, forms the spindle
apparatus during cell division
G2 checkpoint
Ensure that all of the chromosomes have been
Microtubules
accurately replicated without mistakes or
Minute tubules in the eukaryotic cytoplasm that are
damage.
composed of the protein tubulin, an important
If the checkpoint mechanisms detect problems
component in the mitotic spindle.
with the DNA, the cell cycle is halted and the
cell attempts to either complete DNA
Mistakes in the duplication or distribution of the
replication or repair the damaged DNA.
chromosomes lead to mutations
M Checkpoint (Spindle Checkpoint)
Somatic cell
A body cell; a cell whose genes will not be passed on It determines whether all the sister chromatids
to future generations are correctly attached to the spindle
microtubules.
Germ cell It prevents the separation of the duplicated
A cell that is destined to become a gamete (egg or chromosomes until each chromosome is
sperm); a cell whose genes can be passed on to future properly attached to the spindle apparatus
generations The cycle will not proceed until the
kinetochores of each pair of sister chromatids
Diploid (2N) are firmly anchored to at least two spindle
A cell with 2 chromosome sets in each of its cells; all fibers arising from opposite poles of the cell
body (somatic) cells
Haploid (N)
A cell with 1 chromosome set in each of its cells; all
gametes (sperm, eggs)
Crossing-Over
Homologous chromosomes in a tetrad cross
over each other
Pieces of chromosomes or genes are
exchanged
Produces Genetic recombination in the
offspring
Checkpoint Longest phase
a critical control point in the Cell Cycle where “stop” Checkpoints are G1, S, and G2
and “go ahead” signals can regulate in the cycle
G1 Checkpoint (Restriction Point)
Cytokinesis The cell will only pass the checkpoint if it is
Division of the cytoplasm an appropriate size and has adequate energy
reserves.
Chromatin Checks for DNA damage
A complex of nucleic acid and basic proteins, which The cell becomes "committed" to the cell
condensed into chromosome in mitosis and meiosis cycle, which is determined by external factors
and signals
Interphase A cell that does not meet all the requirements
Stage where a cell prepares itself by replicating its own will not progress to the S phase.
genetic information and all its organelles The cell can halt the cycle and attempt to
remedy the problematic condition, or the cell
Centrioles can advance into G0 (inactive) phase and await
One of a pair of organelles that occurs especially in
further signals when conditions improve
animals, are adjacent to the nucleus, forms the spindle
apparatus during cell division
G2 checkpoint
Ensure that all of the chromosomes have been
Microtubules
accurately replicated without mistakes or
Minute tubules in the eukaryotic cytoplasm that are
damage.
composed of the protein tubulin, an important
If the checkpoint mechanisms detect problems
component in the mitotic spindle.
with the DNA, the cell cycle is halted and the
cell attempts to either complete DNA
Mistakes in the duplication or distribution of the
replication or repair the damaged DNA.
chromosomes lead to mutations
M Checkpoint (Spindle Checkpoint)
Somatic cell
A body cell; a cell whose genes will not be passed on It determines whether all the sister chromatids
to future generations are correctly attached to the spindle
microtubules.
Germ cell It prevents the separation of the duplicated
A cell that is destined to become a gamete (egg or chromosomes until each chromosome is
sperm); a cell whose genes can be passed on to future properly attached to the spindle apparatus
generations The cycle will not proceed until the
kinetochores of each pair of sister chromatids
Diploid (2N) are firmly anchored to at least two spindle
A cell with 2 chromosome sets in each of its cells; all fibers arising from opposite poles of the cell
body (somatic) cells
Haploid (N)
A cell with 1 chromosome set in each of its cells; all
gametes (sperm, eggs)
Crossing-Over
Homologous chromosomes in a tetrad cross
over each other
Pieces of chromosomes or genes are
exchanged
Produces Genetic recombination in the
offspring
