Test bank essentials of nursing leadership ma
hf hf hf hf hf hf
nagement 7th edition sally a Weiss exam ques
hf hf hf hf hf hf hf
tions and answers correct and verified 100%
hf hf hf hf hf hf
Chapterhf1:hfNursinghfLeadershiphfandhfManageme
nthM
f ULTIPLEhfCHOICE
1. AccordinghftohfHenrihfFayol,hfthehffunctionshfofhfplanning,hforganizing,hfcoordinating,hfandhfcontrol
linghaf rehfconsideredhfwhichhfaspecthfofhfmanagement?
a. Roles
b. Process
c. Functions
d. Taxonomy
ANS:hfB,hfThehfmanagementhfprocesshfincludeshfplanning,hforganizing,hfcoordinating,hfandhfcontrolling.hfManagementhfroleshfinclu
dehfinformationhfprocessing,hfinterpersonalhfrelationships,hfandhfdecisionhfmaking.hfManagementhffunctionshfincludehfplanning,hforga
nizing,hfstaffing,hfdirecting,hfcoordinating,hfreporting,hfandhfbudgeting.hfAhftaxonomyhfishfahfsystemhfthathfordershfprincipleshfintohfahfgr
oupinghforhfclassification.
2. Whichhfofhfthehffollowinghfishfconsideredhfahfdecisionalhfmanagerialhfrole?
a. Disseminator
b. Figurehead
c. Leader
d. Entrepreneur
ANS:hfD,hfThehfdecisionalhfmanagerialhfroleshfincludehfentrepreneur,hfdisturbancehfhandler,hfallocatorhfofhfresources,hfandhfnegotiator.
hfThehfinformationhfprocessinghfmanagerialhfroleshfincludehfmonitor,hfdisseminator,hfandhfspokesperson.hfThehfinterpersonalhfmanage
rialhfroleshfincludehffigurehead,hfleader,hfandhfliaison.
3. Ahfnursehfmanagerhfmeetshfregularlyhfwithhfotherhfnursehfmanagers,hfparticipateshfonhfthehforganiz
ationshfcommittees,hfandhfattendshfmeetingshfsponsoredhfbyhfprofessionalhforganizationshfinhforderhtf ohf
managehfrelationships.hfThesehfactivitieshfarehfconsideredhfwhichhffunctionhfofhfahfmanager?
a. Informing
b. Problemhfsolving
c. Monitoring
d. Networking
ANS:hfD,hfThehfrolehffunctionshftohfmanagehfrelationshipshfarehfnetworking,hfsupporting,hfdevelopinghfandhfmentoring,hfmanaginghfc
onflicthfandhfteamhfbuilding,hfmotivatinghfandhfinspiring,hfrecognizing,hfandhfrewarding.hfThehfrolehffunctionshftohfmanagehfthehfwo
rkhfarehfplanninghfandhforganizing,hfproblemhfsolving,hfclarifyinghfroleshfandhfobjectives,hfinforming,hfmonitoring,hfconsulting,hfan
dhfdelegating.
4. Ahfnursehfwashfrecentlyhfpromotedhftohfahfmiddle-
levelhfmanagerhfposition.hfThehfnurseshftitlehfwouldhm
f osthflikelyhfbehfwhichhfofhfthehffollowing?
a. First-linehfmanager
b. Director
c. Vicehfpresidenthfofhfpatienthfcarehfservices
d. Chiefhfnursehfexecutive
ANS:hfB,hfAhfmiddle-levelhfmanagerhfishfcalledhfahfdirector.hfAhflowhfmanagerial-hflevelhfjobhfishfcalledhfthehffirst-
,linehfmanager.hfAhfnursehfinhfanhfexecutivehflevelhfrolehfishfcalledhfahfchiefhfnursehfexecutivehforhfvicehfpresidenthfofhfpatienthfcarehfser
vices.
5. AhfnursehfmanagerhfwhohfuseshfFrederickhfTaylorshfscientifichfmanagementhfapproach,hfwouldhfmosthfli
kelyfhf ocushfonhfwhichhfofhfthehffollowing?
, a. Generalhfprinciples
b. Positionalhfauthority
c. Laborhfproductivity
d. Impersonalhfrelations
ANS:hfC,hfThehfareahfofhffocushfforhfscientifichfmanagementhfishflaborhfproductivity.hfInhfbureaucratichftheory,hfefficiencyhfishfachievedhf
throughhfimpersonalhfrelationshfwithinhfahfformalhfstructurehfandhfishfbasedhfonhfpositionalhfauthority.hfAdministrativehfprinciplehftheor
yhfconsistshfofhfprincipleshfofhfmanagementhfthathfarehfrelevanthftohfanyhforganization.
6. AccordinghftohfVroomshfTheoryhfofhfMotivation,hfforce:
a. ishfthehfperceivedhfpossibilityhfthathfthehfgoalhfwillhfbehfachieved.
b. describeshfthehfamounthfofhfefforthfonehfwillhfexerthftohfreachhfoneshfgoal.
c. describeshfpeoplehfwhohfhavehffreehfwillhfbuthfchoosehftohfcomplyhfwithhfordershftheyhfarehfgiven.
d. ishfahfnaturallyhfforminghfsocialhfgrouphfthathfcanhfbecomehfahfcontributorhftohfanhforganization.
ANS:hfB,hfAccordinghftohfVroomshfTheoryhfofhfMotivation,hfForcehfdescribeshfthehfamounthfofhfefforthfonehfwillhfexerthftohfreachhfonesh
fgoal.hfValencehfspeakshftohfthehflevelhfofhfattractivenesshforhfunattractivenesshfofhfthehfgoal.hf Expectancyhfishfthehfperceivedhfpossibility
hfthathfthehfgoalhfwillhfbehfachieved.hfVroomshfTheoryhfofhfMotivationhfcanhfbehfdemonstratedhfinhfthehfformhfofhfanhfequation:hfForcehf
=hfValencehfExpectancyhf(Vroom,hf1964).hfThehftheoryhfproposeshfthathfthishfequationhfcanhfhelphftohfpredicthfthehfmotivation,hforhfforc
e,hfofhfanhfindividualhfashfdescribedhbf yhfVroom.
7. AccordinghftohfR.hfN.hfLussier,hfmotivation:
a. ishfunconsciouslyhfdemonstratedhfbyhfpeople.
b. occurshfexternallyhftohfinfluencehfbehavior.
c. ishfdeterminedhfbyhfothershfchoices.
d. occurshfinternallyhftohfinfluencehfbehavior.
ANS:hfD,hfMotivationhfishfahfprocesshfthathfoccurshfinternallyhftohfinfluencehfandhfdirecthfourhfbehaviorhfinhforderhftohfsatisfyhfneeds.hf
Motivationhfishfnothfexplicitlyhfdemonstratedhfbyhfpeople,hfbuthfratherhfithfishfinterpretedhffromhftheirhfbehavior.hfMotivationhfishfwhate
verhfinfluenceshfourhfchoiceshfandhfcreateshfdirection,hfintensity,hfandhfpersistencehfinhfourhfbehavior.
8. AccordinghftohfR.hfN.hfLussier,hftherehfarehfcontenthfmotivationhftheorieshfandhfprocesshfmotiva
tionhtf heories.hfWhichhfofhfthehffollowinghfishfconsideredhfahfprocesshfmotivationhftheory?
a. Equityhftheory
b. Hierarchyhfofhfneedshftheory
c. Existence-relatedness-growthhftheory
d. Hygienehfmaintenancehfandhfmotivationhffactors
ANS:hfA,hfThehfprocesshfmotivationhftheorieshfarehfequityhftheoryhfandhfexpectancyhftheory.hfThehfcontenthfmotivationhftheorieshfinclu
dehfMaslowshfhierarchyhfofhfneedshftheory,hfAldefershfexistence-hfrelatedness-
growthhf(ERG)hftheory,hfandhfHerzbergshfhygienehfmaintenancehffactorshfandhfmotivationhffactors.
9. Thehftheoryhfthathfincludeshfmaintenancehfandhfmotivationhffactorshfis:
a. Maslowshfhierarchyhfofhfneeds.
b. Herzbergshftwo-factorhftheory.
c. McGregorshftheoryhfXhfandhftheoryhfY.
d. OuchishftheoryhfZ.
, ANS:hfB,hfThehftwo-
factorhftheoryhfofhfmotivationhfincludeshfmotivationhfandhfmaintenancehffactors.hfMaslowshfhierarchyhfofhfneedshfincludeshfthehffollow
inghfneeds:hfphysiological,hfsafety,hfsecurity,hfbelonging,hfandhfself-
actualization.hfInhftheoryhfX,hfemployeeshfpreferhfsecurity,hfdirection,hfandhfminimalhfresponsibility.hfInhftheoryhfY,hfemployeeshfenjo
yhftheirhfwork,hfshowhfself-
controlhfandhfdiscipline,hfarehfablehftohfcontributehfcreatively,hfandhfarehfmotivatedhfbyhftieshftohfthehfgroup,hforganization,hfandhfthehfwo
rkhfitself.hfThehffocushfofhftheoryhfZhfishfcollectivehfdecisionhfmakinghfandhflong-
termhfemploymenthfthathfinvolveshfslowerhfpromotionshfandhflesshfdirecthfsupervision.
10. Ahfnursehfishfappointedhftohfahfleadershiphfpositionhfinhfthehflocalhfhospital.hfThehfnurseshfpositionhfwou
ldhfbehcf onsideredhfwhichhfofhfthehffollowing?
a. Informalhfleadershi
pbhf .
Formalhfleadershiphf
c. Leadership
d.h f Management
ANS:hfB,hfFormalhfleadershiphfishfbasedhfonhfoccupyinghfahfpositionhfinhfanhforganization.hfInformalhfleadershiphfishfshownhfbyhfanhfin
dividualhfwhohfdemonstrateshfleadershiphfoutsidehfthehfscopehfofhfahfformalhfleadershiphfrolehforhfashfahfmemberhfofhfahfgroup.hfLeader
shiphfishfahfprocesshfofhif nfluencehfwherebyhfthehfleaderhfinfluenceshfothershftowardhfgoalhfachievement.hfManagementhfishfahfprocesshft
ohfachievehforganizationalhfgoals.
11. Ahfnursinghfinstructorhfishfevaluatinghfwhetherhfthehfnursinghfstudentshfunderstandhfthehfthr
eehffundamentalhfqualitieshfthathfleadershfshare.hfAccordinghftohfBennishfandhfNanus,hfthehffunda
mentalhqf ualitieshfofhfeffectivehfleadershfare:
a. guidedhfvision,hfpassion,hfandhfintegrity.
b. knowledgehfofhfself,hfhonesty,hfandhfmaturity.
c. intelligence,hfself-confidence,hfandhfdetermination.
d. honesty,hfself-awareness,hfandhfsociability.
ANS:hfABennishfandhfNanushflisthfguidedhfvision,hfpassion,hfandhfintegrityhfashffundamentalhfqualitieshfofhfeffectivehfleaders.hfKnowl
edgehfofhfself,h f honestyh f andh f maturity;h f intelligence,h f self-confidenceh f andh f determination;h f self-
awarenessh f andh f sociabilityh f areh f allh f desirablehftraitshfinhfleadershfashfwellhfashfinhfothers.
12. ThehfsixhftraitshfidentifiedhfbyhfKirkpatrickhfandhfLockehfthathfseparatehfleadershffromhfnon-
leadershfwere:
a. respectability,hftrustworthiness,hfflexibility,hfself-confidence,hfintelligence,hfsociability.
b. self-
confidence,hfprogressionhfofhfexperiences,hfinfluencehfofhfothers,hfpersonalhflifehffactors,hfhonesty,hfd
rive.
c. intelligence,hfself-confidence,hfdetermination,hfintegrity,hfsociability,hfhonesty.
d. drive,hfdesirehftohflead,hfhonesty,hfself-confidence,hfcognitivehfability,hfknowledgehfofhfbusiness.
ANS:hfD,hfResearchhfbyhfKirkpatrickhfandhfLockehfconcludedhfthathfleadershfpossesshfsixhftraits:hfdrive,hfdesirehftohflead,hfhonesty,hfs
elf-
hfconfidence,hfcognitivehfability,hfandhfknowledgehfofhfthehfbusiness.hfWoodshfidentifiedhffivehfdominanthffactorshfthathfinfluencedhflea
dershiphfdevelopment:hfself-
confidence,hfinnatehfqualities,hfprogressionhfofhfexperience,hfinfluencehfofhfsignificanthfothers,hfandhfpersonalhflifehffactors.hfStogdil
lhfidentifiedhfthehffollowinghftraitshfofhfahfleader:hfintelligence,hfself-
hfconfidence,hfdetermination,hfintegrity,hfandhfsociability.hfMurphyhfandhfDeBackhfidentifiedhfthehffollowinghfleaderhfcharacteristic
s:hfcaring,hfrespectability,hftrustworthiness,hfandhfflexibility.
13. Ahfnursehfmanagerhfwhohfuseshfahfleadershiphfstylehfthathfishfparticipatoryhfandhfwherehfauth
orityhif shfdelegatedhftohfothershfishfmosthflikelyhfusinghfwhichhfofhfthehffollowinghfleadershiphfstyles
?
a. Autocratic
b. Democratic
c. Laissez-faire
hf hf hf hf hf hf
nagement 7th edition sally a Weiss exam ques
hf hf hf hf hf hf hf
tions and answers correct and verified 100%
hf hf hf hf hf hf
Chapterhf1:hfNursinghfLeadershiphfandhfManageme
nthM
f ULTIPLEhfCHOICE
1. AccordinghftohfHenrihfFayol,hfthehffunctionshfofhfplanning,hforganizing,hfcoordinating,hfandhfcontrol
linghaf rehfconsideredhfwhichhfaspecthfofhfmanagement?
a. Roles
b. Process
c. Functions
d. Taxonomy
ANS:hfB,hfThehfmanagementhfprocesshfincludeshfplanning,hforganizing,hfcoordinating,hfandhfcontrolling.hfManagementhfroleshfinclu
dehfinformationhfprocessing,hfinterpersonalhfrelationships,hfandhfdecisionhfmaking.hfManagementhffunctionshfincludehfplanning,hforga
nizing,hfstaffing,hfdirecting,hfcoordinating,hfreporting,hfandhfbudgeting.hfAhftaxonomyhfishfahfsystemhfthathfordershfprincipleshfintohfahfgr
oupinghforhfclassification.
2. Whichhfofhfthehffollowinghfishfconsideredhfahfdecisionalhfmanagerialhfrole?
a. Disseminator
b. Figurehead
c. Leader
d. Entrepreneur
ANS:hfD,hfThehfdecisionalhfmanagerialhfroleshfincludehfentrepreneur,hfdisturbancehfhandler,hfallocatorhfofhfresources,hfandhfnegotiator.
hfThehfinformationhfprocessinghfmanagerialhfroleshfincludehfmonitor,hfdisseminator,hfandhfspokesperson.hfThehfinterpersonalhfmanage
rialhfroleshfincludehffigurehead,hfleader,hfandhfliaison.
3. Ahfnursehfmanagerhfmeetshfregularlyhfwithhfotherhfnursehfmanagers,hfparticipateshfonhfthehforganiz
ationshfcommittees,hfandhfattendshfmeetingshfsponsoredhfbyhfprofessionalhforganizationshfinhforderhtf ohf
managehfrelationships.hfThesehfactivitieshfarehfconsideredhfwhichhffunctionhfofhfahfmanager?
a. Informing
b. Problemhfsolving
c. Monitoring
d. Networking
ANS:hfD,hfThehfrolehffunctionshftohfmanagehfrelationshipshfarehfnetworking,hfsupporting,hfdevelopinghfandhfmentoring,hfmanaginghfc
onflicthfandhfteamhfbuilding,hfmotivatinghfandhfinspiring,hfrecognizing,hfandhfrewarding.hfThehfrolehffunctionshftohfmanagehfthehfwo
rkhfarehfplanninghfandhforganizing,hfproblemhfsolving,hfclarifyinghfroleshfandhfobjectives,hfinforming,hfmonitoring,hfconsulting,hfan
dhfdelegating.
4. Ahfnursehfwashfrecentlyhfpromotedhftohfahfmiddle-
levelhfmanagerhfposition.hfThehfnurseshftitlehfwouldhm
f osthflikelyhfbehfwhichhfofhfthehffollowing?
a. First-linehfmanager
b. Director
c. Vicehfpresidenthfofhfpatienthfcarehfservices
d. Chiefhfnursehfexecutive
ANS:hfB,hfAhfmiddle-levelhfmanagerhfishfcalledhfahfdirector.hfAhflowhfmanagerial-hflevelhfjobhfishfcalledhfthehffirst-
,linehfmanager.hfAhfnursehfinhfanhfexecutivehflevelhfrolehfishfcalledhfahfchiefhfnursehfexecutivehforhfvicehfpresidenthfofhfpatienthfcarehfser
vices.
5. AhfnursehfmanagerhfwhohfuseshfFrederickhfTaylorshfscientifichfmanagementhfapproach,hfwouldhfmosthfli
kelyfhf ocushfonhfwhichhfofhfthehffollowing?
, a. Generalhfprinciples
b. Positionalhfauthority
c. Laborhfproductivity
d. Impersonalhfrelations
ANS:hfC,hfThehfareahfofhffocushfforhfscientifichfmanagementhfishflaborhfproductivity.hfInhfbureaucratichftheory,hfefficiencyhfishfachievedhf
throughhfimpersonalhfrelationshfwithinhfahfformalhfstructurehfandhfishfbasedhfonhfpositionalhfauthority.hfAdministrativehfprinciplehftheor
yhfconsistshfofhfprincipleshfofhfmanagementhfthathfarehfrelevanthftohfanyhforganization.
6. AccordinghftohfVroomshfTheoryhfofhfMotivation,hfforce:
a. ishfthehfperceivedhfpossibilityhfthathfthehfgoalhfwillhfbehfachieved.
b. describeshfthehfamounthfofhfefforthfonehfwillhfexerthftohfreachhfoneshfgoal.
c. describeshfpeoplehfwhohfhavehffreehfwillhfbuthfchoosehftohfcomplyhfwithhfordershftheyhfarehfgiven.
d. ishfahfnaturallyhfforminghfsocialhfgrouphfthathfcanhfbecomehfahfcontributorhftohfanhforganization.
ANS:hfB,hfAccordinghftohfVroomshfTheoryhfofhfMotivation,hfForcehfdescribeshfthehfamounthfofhfefforthfonehfwillhfexerthftohfreachhfonesh
fgoal.hfValencehfspeakshftohfthehflevelhfofhfattractivenesshforhfunattractivenesshfofhfthehfgoal.hf Expectancyhfishfthehfperceivedhfpossibility
hfthathfthehfgoalhfwillhfbehfachieved.hfVroomshfTheoryhfofhfMotivationhfcanhfbehfdemonstratedhfinhfthehfformhfofhfanhfequation:hfForcehf
=hfValencehfExpectancyhf(Vroom,hf1964).hfThehftheoryhfproposeshfthathfthishfequationhfcanhfhelphftohfpredicthfthehfmotivation,hforhfforc
e,hfofhfanhfindividualhfashfdescribedhbf yhfVroom.
7. AccordinghftohfR.hfN.hfLussier,hfmotivation:
a. ishfunconsciouslyhfdemonstratedhfbyhfpeople.
b. occurshfexternallyhftohfinfluencehfbehavior.
c. ishfdeterminedhfbyhfothershfchoices.
d. occurshfinternallyhftohfinfluencehfbehavior.
ANS:hfD,hfMotivationhfishfahfprocesshfthathfoccurshfinternallyhftohfinfluencehfandhfdirecthfourhfbehaviorhfinhforderhftohfsatisfyhfneeds.hf
Motivationhfishfnothfexplicitlyhfdemonstratedhfbyhfpeople,hfbuthfratherhfithfishfinterpretedhffromhftheirhfbehavior.hfMotivationhfishfwhate
verhfinfluenceshfourhfchoiceshfandhfcreateshfdirection,hfintensity,hfandhfpersistencehfinhfourhfbehavior.
8. AccordinghftohfR.hfN.hfLussier,hftherehfarehfcontenthfmotivationhftheorieshfandhfprocesshfmotiva
tionhtf heories.hfWhichhfofhfthehffollowinghfishfconsideredhfahfprocesshfmotivationhftheory?
a. Equityhftheory
b. Hierarchyhfofhfneedshftheory
c. Existence-relatedness-growthhftheory
d. Hygienehfmaintenancehfandhfmotivationhffactors
ANS:hfA,hfThehfprocesshfmotivationhftheorieshfarehfequityhftheoryhfandhfexpectancyhftheory.hfThehfcontenthfmotivationhftheorieshfinclu
dehfMaslowshfhierarchyhfofhfneedshftheory,hfAldefershfexistence-hfrelatedness-
growthhf(ERG)hftheory,hfandhfHerzbergshfhygienehfmaintenancehffactorshfandhfmotivationhffactors.
9. Thehftheoryhfthathfincludeshfmaintenancehfandhfmotivationhffactorshfis:
a. Maslowshfhierarchyhfofhfneeds.
b. Herzbergshftwo-factorhftheory.
c. McGregorshftheoryhfXhfandhftheoryhfY.
d. OuchishftheoryhfZ.
, ANS:hfB,hfThehftwo-
factorhftheoryhfofhfmotivationhfincludeshfmotivationhfandhfmaintenancehffactors.hfMaslowshfhierarchyhfofhfneedshfincludeshfthehffollow
inghfneeds:hfphysiological,hfsafety,hfsecurity,hfbelonging,hfandhfself-
actualization.hfInhftheoryhfX,hfemployeeshfpreferhfsecurity,hfdirection,hfandhfminimalhfresponsibility.hfInhftheoryhfY,hfemployeeshfenjo
yhftheirhfwork,hfshowhfself-
controlhfandhfdiscipline,hfarehfablehftohfcontributehfcreatively,hfandhfarehfmotivatedhfbyhftieshftohfthehfgroup,hforganization,hfandhfthehfwo
rkhfitself.hfThehffocushfofhftheoryhfZhfishfcollectivehfdecisionhfmakinghfandhflong-
termhfemploymenthfthathfinvolveshfslowerhfpromotionshfandhflesshfdirecthfsupervision.
10. Ahfnursehfishfappointedhftohfahfleadershiphfpositionhfinhfthehflocalhfhospital.hfThehfnurseshfpositionhfwou
ldhfbehcf onsideredhfwhichhfofhfthehffollowing?
a. Informalhfleadershi
pbhf .
Formalhfleadershiphf
c. Leadership
d.h f Management
ANS:hfB,hfFormalhfleadershiphfishfbasedhfonhfoccupyinghfahfpositionhfinhfanhforganization.hfInformalhfleadershiphfishfshownhfbyhfanhfin
dividualhfwhohfdemonstrateshfleadershiphfoutsidehfthehfscopehfofhfahfformalhfleadershiphfrolehforhfashfahfmemberhfofhfahfgroup.hfLeader
shiphfishfahfprocesshfofhif nfluencehfwherebyhfthehfleaderhfinfluenceshfothershftowardhfgoalhfachievement.hfManagementhfishfahfprocesshft
ohfachievehforganizationalhfgoals.
11. Ahfnursinghfinstructorhfishfevaluatinghfwhetherhfthehfnursinghfstudentshfunderstandhfthehfthr
eehffundamentalhfqualitieshfthathfleadershfshare.hfAccordinghftohfBennishfandhfNanus,hfthehffunda
mentalhqf ualitieshfofhfeffectivehfleadershfare:
a. guidedhfvision,hfpassion,hfandhfintegrity.
b. knowledgehfofhfself,hfhonesty,hfandhfmaturity.
c. intelligence,hfself-confidence,hfandhfdetermination.
d. honesty,hfself-awareness,hfandhfsociability.
ANS:hfABennishfandhfNanushflisthfguidedhfvision,hfpassion,hfandhfintegrityhfashffundamentalhfqualitieshfofhfeffectivehfleaders.hfKnowl
edgehfofhfself,h f honestyh f andh f maturity;h f intelligence,h f self-confidenceh f andh f determination;h f self-
awarenessh f andh f sociabilityh f areh f allh f desirablehftraitshfinhfleadershfashfwellhfashfinhfothers.
12. ThehfsixhftraitshfidentifiedhfbyhfKirkpatrickhfandhfLockehfthathfseparatehfleadershffromhfnon-
leadershfwere:
a. respectability,hftrustworthiness,hfflexibility,hfself-confidence,hfintelligence,hfsociability.
b. self-
confidence,hfprogressionhfofhfexperiences,hfinfluencehfofhfothers,hfpersonalhflifehffactors,hfhonesty,hfd
rive.
c. intelligence,hfself-confidence,hfdetermination,hfintegrity,hfsociability,hfhonesty.
d. drive,hfdesirehftohflead,hfhonesty,hfself-confidence,hfcognitivehfability,hfknowledgehfofhfbusiness.
ANS:hfD,hfResearchhfbyhfKirkpatrickhfandhfLockehfconcludedhfthathfleadershfpossesshfsixhftraits:hfdrive,hfdesirehftohflead,hfhonesty,hfs
elf-
hfconfidence,hfcognitivehfability,hfandhfknowledgehfofhfthehfbusiness.hfWoodshfidentifiedhffivehfdominanthffactorshfthathfinfluencedhflea
dershiphfdevelopment:hfself-
confidence,hfinnatehfqualities,hfprogressionhfofhfexperience,hfinfluencehfofhfsignificanthfothers,hfandhfpersonalhflifehffactors.hfStogdil
lhfidentifiedhfthehffollowinghftraitshfofhfahfleader:hfintelligence,hfself-
hfconfidence,hfdetermination,hfintegrity,hfandhfsociability.hfMurphyhfandhfDeBackhfidentifiedhfthehffollowinghfleaderhfcharacteristic
s:hfcaring,hfrespectability,hftrustworthiness,hfandhfflexibility.
13. Ahfnursehfmanagerhfwhohfuseshfahfleadershiphfstylehfthathfishfparticipatoryhfandhfwherehfauth
orityhif shfdelegatedhftohfothershfishfmosthflikelyhfusinghfwhichhfofhfthehffollowinghfleadershiphfstyles
?
a. Autocratic
b. Democratic
c. Laissez-faire
