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Characteristics of Life
1- organization
2- homeostasis
3- metabolism
4- growth
5- adaptaion
6-response to stimuli
7- reproduction
intergrative biology
study of life at different levels of orginization
emergent properties
result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system
example of emergent properties
H2O hydrogen and oxygen are both gases separate but when combined form a liquid
,eukaryotic cell
membrane-enclosed organelles, the largest of which is usually the nucleus
prokaryotic cell
simple and usually smaller and does not contain a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles
element
substance that cannot be broken down into others substances by chemical reactions
compound
substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio
molecule
consists of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
atom
smallest unit of matter that still retains properties of an element
elements that make up 96% of living matter
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
isotopes
two atoms of an element that differ in number of neutrons
radioactive isotopes
decay spontaneously giving off particles of energy
example of radioactive isotopes
, radiometric dating, medical scans, and tagging molecules in the lab
covalent bond
atoms share the electrons
i.e CO2
ionic bond
attraction between an anion and a cation
i.e NaCl
nonpolar covalent bond
atoms share the electron equally
polar covalent bond
one atom is more electronegative, atoms do not share the electron equally
electronegative
atoms attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond
cation
positively charged ion
(t in cation looks like a +)
anion
negatively charged ion
ions