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Evolution
The process of change that has transformed life from its beginnings to the astounding array of organisms
today
Biology
The scientific study of life
Emergent Properties
New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of lice, owing the arrangement and
interactions of parts as complexity increases
Reductionism
The approach of reducing complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study
Systems Biology
An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems
based on a study of the interactions among the system's parts
, Cell
The smallest unit of organization that can perform all required activities
Prokaryotic Cell
A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles
Eukaryotic Cell
A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
A nucleic acid molecule, usually a double-stranded helix, in which each polynucleotide strand consists of
nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous base adenine (A), cytosine (C),
guanine (G), and thymine (T); capable of being replicated and determining the inherited structure of a
cell's proteins
Gene
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA
Gene Expression
The process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases,
RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead function as RNAs
Bioinformatics
The use of computers, software, and mathematical models to process and integrate biological
information from large data sets
Hypothesis