BSC1010 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
VERIFIED GUARANTEED PASS
Core Concept:
-MOST traits are not based on 1 gene.
- Cells in specific tissues such as muscle, determine which genes are active and where they are located
during development.
- The genome of an organism is represented in each cell.
- the key to gene function is the information or instructions to produce proteins.
- Mutations occur randomly and are sources of variation.
Genetics
the study of traits and their inheritance
Father of genetics
Gregor Mendel; discovered the basic rules of genetic inheritance by breeding pea plants. (Mendelian
genetics)
Chromosome
,a structure in all living cells that consists of DNA and carries the genes determining heredity.
Gene
a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is involved in synthesizing polypeptides (Gene A: hair
color)
Alleles
alternate versions of genes (A= brown or a= black), which account for variations in inherited
characteristics.
Locus (loci)
the location of a given gene along the length of a certain chromosome.
Dominant v. Recessive
refers to the different variations of a gene (alleles)
Dominant alleles
variations of a gene that masks a recessive allele; only 1 dominant is needed to express the
corresponding physical traits; represented by an UPPERCASE letter.
Recessive alleles
variations of a gene that produce the corresponding physical traits ONLY when there are 2 copies
present; represented by lowercase letter.
Genotype
the set of genes passed from individual to individual that code for proteins that are responsible for the
phenotype
,Phenotype
the physical traits of an organism that result from the expression of the genotype.
Homozygous
a genotype which has identical alleles at the same locus (PP, pp)
Homozygous dominant
both alleles are dominant (PP)
Homozygous recessive
both alleles are recessive (pp)
Heterozygous
a genotype which has two different alleles at the same locus (Pp)
True Breeding
when two organisms with a homozygous genotype breed to produce offspring with a certain phenotype
and pure genotype; offspring is produced to have the same traits as the parents
Mendel's First Law
Segregation of Alternate Factors:with certain traits there were individual plants which if only crossed
with other plants just like them would almost always produce the exact same phenotype (true-breeders,
Homozygous, P1.)
Monohybrid cross/ single trait punnet squares
P Generation: Bread a pure Purple (PP) homozygous dominant plant with a pure homozygous recessive
White (pp) plant. (true breeders)
, Monohybrid cross for F1 Gen.
Only showed 1 dominant trait (purple flowers). Purple flowers are hybrids. (Pp)
P gen traits didnt blend.
Monohybrid cross for F2 Generation
F1 hybrids are crossed, thier offspring 3/4 were dominant purple color (PP, Pp). 1/4th expressed the (P
generation) white color (pp).
Monohybrid phenotypic ratio
ratio of the phenotypes in the offspring of a cross; 3:1
Monohybrid genotypic ratio
ratio of the genotypes in the offspring of a cross; 1:2:1
Factos
genes separated during gametogenesis
Probability and gametes
factos that came in pairs but were separated
Mendel's second Law
Independent Assortment; discovered through crossing multiple traits simultaneously, known as two trait
cross
PpLl; PL (traits on one chromosome), pl(traits on another chromosome)
p and l traits can not be independently assorted because they are linked (on the same chromosome)
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
VERIFIED GUARANTEED PASS
Core Concept:
-MOST traits are not based on 1 gene.
- Cells in specific tissues such as muscle, determine which genes are active and where they are located
during development.
- The genome of an organism is represented in each cell.
- the key to gene function is the information or instructions to produce proteins.
- Mutations occur randomly and are sources of variation.
Genetics
the study of traits and their inheritance
Father of genetics
Gregor Mendel; discovered the basic rules of genetic inheritance by breeding pea plants. (Mendelian
genetics)
Chromosome
,a structure in all living cells that consists of DNA and carries the genes determining heredity.
Gene
a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is involved in synthesizing polypeptides (Gene A: hair
color)
Alleles
alternate versions of genes (A= brown or a= black), which account for variations in inherited
characteristics.
Locus (loci)
the location of a given gene along the length of a certain chromosome.
Dominant v. Recessive
refers to the different variations of a gene (alleles)
Dominant alleles
variations of a gene that masks a recessive allele; only 1 dominant is needed to express the
corresponding physical traits; represented by an UPPERCASE letter.
Recessive alleles
variations of a gene that produce the corresponding physical traits ONLY when there are 2 copies
present; represented by lowercase letter.
Genotype
the set of genes passed from individual to individual that code for proteins that are responsible for the
phenotype
,Phenotype
the physical traits of an organism that result from the expression of the genotype.
Homozygous
a genotype which has identical alleles at the same locus (PP, pp)
Homozygous dominant
both alleles are dominant (PP)
Homozygous recessive
both alleles are recessive (pp)
Heterozygous
a genotype which has two different alleles at the same locus (Pp)
True Breeding
when two organisms with a homozygous genotype breed to produce offspring with a certain phenotype
and pure genotype; offspring is produced to have the same traits as the parents
Mendel's First Law
Segregation of Alternate Factors:with certain traits there were individual plants which if only crossed
with other plants just like them would almost always produce the exact same phenotype (true-breeders,
Homozygous, P1.)
Monohybrid cross/ single trait punnet squares
P Generation: Bread a pure Purple (PP) homozygous dominant plant with a pure homozygous recessive
White (pp) plant. (true breeders)
, Monohybrid cross for F1 Gen.
Only showed 1 dominant trait (purple flowers). Purple flowers are hybrids. (Pp)
P gen traits didnt blend.
Monohybrid cross for F2 Generation
F1 hybrids are crossed, thier offspring 3/4 were dominant purple color (PP, Pp). 1/4th expressed the (P
generation) white color (pp).
Monohybrid phenotypic ratio
ratio of the phenotypes in the offspring of a cross; 3:1
Monohybrid genotypic ratio
ratio of the genotypes in the offspring of a cross; 1:2:1
Factos
genes separated during gametogenesis
Probability and gametes
factos that came in pairs but were separated
Mendel's second Law
Independent Assortment; discovered through crossing multiple traits simultaneously, known as two trait
cross
PpLl; PL (traits on one chromosome), pl(traits on another chromosome)
p and l traits can not be independently assorted because they are linked (on the same chromosome)
