BSC1010 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
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Matter
substance that takes up space and is made of atoms
Energy
The ability to do work
Work
means moving matter
Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical into other substances; atoms of each element
contain a characteristic number of protons.
Whats an example of an element?
oxygen (O), carbon (C), nitrogen (N)
Bulk Elements
an element that an organism requires in large amounts because they make up the vast majority of every
living cell.
The four most abundant bulk elements in life are:
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N)
,What are other bulk elements?
Phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), calcium (Ca)
Trace elements
An element an organism requires in small amounts
example of trace elements
Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn)
Atom
The smallest particle of matter; composed of protons, neutrons, electrons.
Proton
A particle in an atoms nucleus carrying a positive charge
Neutron
A particle in an atoms nucleus that is electrically neutral
Nucleus (atom)
-the central part of an atom
-perforated sac containing DNA, proteins, and RNA; surrounded by a double membrane
-It separates DNA from the rest of the cell; sites of the first step in protein synthesis; nucleolus produces
ribosomal subunits
-In plant and animal cells
Electrons
Negatively charged particles (weightless compared to proton + neutron)
,Atomic number
The number protons in an atoms nucleus. examples hydrogen (simplest type of an atom) has an atomic
number 1.
Elements are arranged by?
atomic number, above each elements symbol, in the periodic table.
when the number of protons equals the number of electrons the atom is
electrically neutral; it has no charge
ion
a group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons, giving it an electrical charge.
What is an example of an ion?
A common positively charged ion (Cation) is H+
Atom's mass number
the total number of protons + neutrons in an atoms nucleus
Isotope
Any of the forms of an element, each having a different number of neutrons in the nucleus.
Example of an Isotope
Carbon-12: 6 protons, 6 neutrons, 6 electrons
carbon-13: 6 protons, 7 neutrons, 6 electrons
carbon-14: 6 protons, 8 neutrons, 6 electrons
, Elements atomic weight
The average mass of an element and is typically close to the mass number of the most abundant isotope.
Radioactive isotope
Emit as rays or particles when they break down into more stable forms.
Molecule
Two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds
Example of a molecule
Hydrogen gas (H2) and Oxygen gas (O2)
Compound
A molecule composed of two or more different elements
Examples of compound
Methane gas (CH4) and Water (H2O)
Molecular Formula
Writing the symbols of their constituent elements and indicating the number of atoms of each element
as subscripts
ex: Methane (CH4) and Water (H20)
Orbitals
The most likely location for an electron relative to its nucleus. Where each orbital can hold up to two
electrons. More electrons in an atom, the more orbitals they occupy.
SOLUTIONS RATED 100% LATEST UPDATE
Matter
substance that takes up space and is made of atoms
Energy
The ability to do work
Work
means moving matter
Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical into other substances; atoms of each element
contain a characteristic number of protons.
Whats an example of an element?
oxygen (O), carbon (C), nitrogen (N)
Bulk Elements
an element that an organism requires in large amounts because they make up the vast majority of every
living cell.
The four most abundant bulk elements in life are:
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N)
,What are other bulk elements?
Phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), calcium (Ca)
Trace elements
An element an organism requires in small amounts
example of trace elements
Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn)
Atom
The smallest particle of matter; composed of protons, neutrons, electrons.
Proton
A particle in an atoms nucleus carrying a positive charge
Neutron
A particle in an atoms nucleus that is electrically neutral
Nucleus (atom)
-the central part of an atom
-perforated sac containing DNA, proteins, and RNA; surrounded by a double membrane
-It separates DNA from the rest of the cell; sites of the first step in protein synthesis; nucleolus produces
ribosomal subunits
-In plant and animal cells
Electrons
Negatively charged particles (weightless compared to proton + neutron)
,Atomic number
The number protons in an atoms nucleus. examples hydrogen (simplest type of an atom) has an atomic
number 1.
Elements are arranged by?
atomic number, above each elements symbol, in the periodic table.
when the number of protons equals the number of electrons the atom is
electrically neutral; it has no charge
ion
a group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons, giving it an electrical charge.
What is an example of an ion?
A common positively charged ion (Cation) is H+
Atom's mass number
the total number of protons + neutrons in an atoms nucleus
Isotope
Any of the forms of an element, each having a different number of neutrons in the nucleus.
Example of an Isotope
Carbon-12: 6 protons, 6 neutrons, 6 electrons
carbon-13: 6 protons, 7 neutrons, 6 electrons
carbon-14: 6 protons, 8 neutrons, 6 electrons
, Elements atomic weight
The average mass of an element and is typically close to the mass number of the most abundant isotope.
Radioactive isotope
Emit as rays or particles when they break down into more stable forms.
Molecule
Two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds
Example of a molecule
Hydrogen gas (H2) and Oxygen gas (O2)
Compound
A molecule composed of two or more different elements
Examples of compound
Methane gas (CH4) and Water (H2O)
Molecular Formula
Writing the symbols of their constituent elements and indicating the number of atoms of each element
as subscripts
ex: Methane (CH4) and Water (H20)
Orbitals
The most likely location for an electron relative to its nucleus. Where each orbital can hold up to two
electrons. More electrons in an atom, the more orbitals they occupy.
