2024 NUTR 251 EXAM 1 WITH
ANSWERS
1. What are the 6 classes of nutrients? - CORRECT-ANSWERS- Carbohydrates
- Lipids (fats and oils)
- Proteins
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water
1. What are examples of standard serving size for foods in the MyPlate food
groups? - CORRECT-ANSWERS- Grains => 10oz
- Protein => 7oz
- Fruits => 2.5 cups
- Vegetables => 4 cups
2. What types of vegetables should be selected over a week's time? -
CORRECT-ANSWERS- Dark green
- Orange
- Beans and Peas
- Starchy
- Other
2. What category is not listed on the MyPlate logo? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
water
4. What is the form of energy that can be used by almost all cells? -
CORRECT-ANSWERS- Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
4. Name the 4 primary types of tissues. Which of these tissue types covers
the surfaces that are both outside and inside the body? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS- Epithelial Tissue: composed of cells covering surfaces outside and
inside body
o Protects underlying tissue, absorb nutrients, secrete important substances,
excrete waste
- Connective Tissue: holds structures together, stores fat, produces red blood
cell
- Muscle Tissue: can contract and relax and permits movement
- Nervous tissue: found in the brain and spinal cord, transmits nervous
impulses
, 4. What organs make up the digestive system? - CORRECT-ANSWERS- Mouth
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Intestines
Accessory Organs (liver, gallbladder, pancreas)
4. What is the difference between digestion and absorption? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS- Digestion: the mechanical and chemical processes of breaking
down foods into smaller components
- Absorption: the uptake of these smaller components from the GI tract into
either the blood or lymph
4. What are the 4 layers of the GI tract? - CORRECT-ANSWERS- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscle
- Serosa
4. What process propels the contents of the GI tract along its length? -
CORRECT-ANSWERS- Peristalsis
4. How do enzymes aid digestion? - CORRECT-ANSWERS- Chemical reactions
known as hydrolysis reactions
o Water breaks apart molecules that are too large to pass through the GI
4. Where are most digestive enzymes synthesized? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
Pancreas
- Small Intestine
4. What substances are found in saliva? - CORRECT-ANSWERS- Mucus:
lubricates the bolus
- Amylase: breaks down starch into sugars
- Lysozyme: kills bacteria
- Lipase: Initiates fat-digestion
1. For each of the 5 basic taste sensations, name at least 1 chemical
compound that elicits the sensation. - CORRECT-ANSWERS- Salty: NaCl
- Sour: Citric Acid
- Sweet: Sugars
- Bitter: Caffeine
- Umami: Amino Acids
4. How does the swallowing process prevent food from entering the trachea?
- CORRECT-ANSWERS- Epiglottis: flap-like structure that prevents food from
entering the trachea
ANSWERS
1. What are the 6 classes of nutrients? - CORRECT-ANSWERS- Carbohydrates
- Lipids (fats and oils)
- Proteins
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water
1. What are examples of standard serving size for foods in the MyPlate food
groups? - CORRECT-ANSWERS- Grains => 10oz
- Protein => 7oz
- Fruits => 2.5 cups
- Vegetables => 4 cups
2. What types of vegetables should be selected over a week's time? -
CORRECT-ANSWERS- Dark green
- Orange
- Beans and Peas
- Starchy
- Other
2. What category is not listed on the MyPlate logo? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
water
4. What is the form of energy that can be used by almost all cells? -
CORRECT-ANSWERS- Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
4. Name the 4 primary types of tissues. Which of these tissue types covers
the surfaces that are both outside and inside the body? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS- Epithelial Tissue: composed of cells covering surfaces outside and
inside body
o Protects underlying tissue, absorb nutrients, secrete important substances,
excrete waste
- Connective Tissue: holds structures together, stores fat, produces red blood
cell
- Muscle Tissue: can contract and relax and permits movement
- Nervous tissue: found in the brain and spinal cord, transmits nervous
impulses
, 4. What organs make up the digestive system? - CORRECT-ANSWERS- Mouth
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Intestines
Accessory Organs (liver, gallbladder, pancreas)
4. What is the difference between digestion and absorption? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS- Digestion: the mechanical and chemical processes of breaking
down foods into smaller components
- Absorption: the uptake of these smaller components from the GI tract into
either the blood or lymph
4. What are the 4 layers of the GI tract? - CORRECT-ANSWERS- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscle
- Serosa
4. What process propels the contents of the GI tract along its length? -
CORRECT-ANSWERS- Peristalsis
4. How do enzymes aid digestion? - CORRECT-ANSWERS- Chemical reactions
known as hydrolysis reactions
o Water breaks apart molecules that are too large to pass through the GI
4. Where are most digestive enzymes synthesized? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
Pancreas
- Small Intestine
4. What substances are found in saliva? - CORRECT-ANSWERS- Mucus:
lubricates the bolus
- Amylase: breaks down starch into sugars
- Lysozyme: kills bacteria
- Lipase: Initiates fat-digestion
1. For each of the 5 basic taste sensations, name at least 1 chemical
compound that elicits the sensation. - CORRECT-ANSWERS- Salty: NaCl
- Sour: Citric Acid
- Sweet: Sugars
- Bitter: Caffeine
- Umami: Amino Acids
4. How does the swallowing process prevent food from entering the trachea?
- CORRECT-ANSWERS- Epiglottis: flap-like structure that prevents food from
entering the trachea
