Mid Term Exam: A History of World Civilizations since 1750
with Correct Answers
What are the characteristics of the enlightenment?
Emerged before 1740 in Europe with France as the epicenter, challenged the place and role of church
and monarchy in society, raised questions about rights
Definition of Enlightenment
It was a philosophical movement in eighteenth-century Europe that fostered the belief that one
could reform society using reason. So, the Enlightenment applied the methods and questions of the
Scientific Revolution to the study of human society
What were the proponents of the Enlightenment called?
Philosophes
What was the difference between philosophes and philosophers?
Philosophes- concerned with solving the problems of the world
philosophers- concerned with abstract series
What were the main ideas of the Enlightenment?
1. Use reason to study and understand human societies
2. Use reason to organize societies better.
What is the keyword of the Enlightenment?
Reason
What were the targets of the Enlightenment?
Philosophes attacked the monarchy and church
Why did the philosophes attack the monarchy and church?
They symbolized ignorance and the beliefs and values associated with the old order
How did philosophes diffuse their ideas?
Through tools such as personal contracts, letters, diaries, books, and newspapers
What piece did Jean Jacques Rousseau write?
The Social Contract
What places did philosophes discuss their enlightenment ideas?
Tearooms, coffeehouses, meeting halls, and the 'salons' sponsored by aristocratic and French
women.
What was the significance of the Enlightenment?
It was a powerful force of change and called for change.
What ruler in Europe welcomed ideas of the enlightenment to promote reforms?
Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick II of Russia
, What was the impact of the Enlightenment?
It led to political revolutions:
French (1789)
American (1776) Haiti (1804)
How long did the AR last?
1776-1800
What is a revolution?
A revolution is a sudden, radical, and fundamental change. A revolution is also an outbreak of
authority.
How many colonies were involved in the American Revolution?
13 colonies, controlled by the British.
What is a colony?
An era or country that is ruled by another country
What is a colonist?
A person who lives in a colony
What were the causes of the American Revolution?
Frontiers and Taxes
When did Frontiers become a problem of the AR and why?
It started after the Seven Years War that opposed French and British troops over Canada. The British
tried to contain both Indians and American colonies to settle to lands to accommodate a growing
population and find hunting places.
What tactic was used to slow down the settlements?
Proclamation of 1763
What is the Proclamation of 1763?
It set a western limit along the Ohio River
Describe Taxes in the AR.
The British government issues new taxes to raise revenue and force colonists to pay for the cost of
colonial administration of the Stamp act in 1765.
What is the Stamp Act?
The Stamp Act said that the colonists had to pay a tax on printed papers
What led to the Boston Massacre?
After the Stamp Act, the British issued new taxes that ignited more reactions from the colonists
What is the Boston Massacre?
with Correct Answers
What are the characteristics of the enlightenment?
Emerged before 1740 in Europe with France as the epicenter, challenged the place and role of church
and monarchy in society, raised questions about rights
Definition of Enlightenment
It was a philosophical movement in eighteenth-century Europe that fostered the belief that one
could reform society using reason. So, the Enlightenment applied the methods and questions of the
Scientific Revolution to the study of human society
What were the proponents of the Enlightenment called?
Philosophes
What was the difference between philosophes and philosophers?
Philosophes- concerned with solving the problems of the world
philosophers- concerned with abstract series
What were the main ideas of the Enlightenment?
1. Use reason to study and understand human societies
2. Use reason to organize societies better.
What is the keyword of the Enlightenment?
Reason
What were the targets of the Enlightenment?
Philosophes attacked the monarchy and church
Why did the philosophes attack the monarchy and church?
They symbolized ignorance and the beliefs and values associated with the old order
How did philosophes diffuse their ideas?
Through tools such as personal contracts, letters, diaries, books, and newspapers
What piece did Jean Jacques Rousseau write?
The Social Contract
What places did philosophes discuss their enlightenment ideas?
Tearooms, coffeehouses, meeting halls, and the 'salons' sponsored by aristocratic and French
women.
What was the significance of the Enlightenment?
It was a powerful force of change and called for change.
What ruler in Europe welcomed ideas of the enlightenment to promote reforms?
Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick II of Russia
, What was the impact of the Enlightenment?
It led to political revolutions:
French (1789)
American (1776) Haiti (1804)
How long did the AR last?
1776-1800
What is a revolution?
A revolution is a sudden, radical, and fundamental change. A revolution is also an outbreak of
authority.
How many colonies were involved in the American Revolution?
13 colonies, controlled by the British.
What is a colony?
An era or country that is ruled by another country
What is a colonist?
A person who lives in a colony
What were the causes of the American Revolution?
Frontiers and Taxes
When did Frontiers become a problem of the AR and why?
It started after the Seven Years War that opposed French and British troops over Canada. The British
tried to contain both Indians and American colonies to settle to lands to accommodate a growing
population and find hunting places.
What tactic was used to slow down the settlements?
Proclamation of 1763
What is the Proclamation of 1763?
It set a western limit along the Ohio River
Describe Taxes in the AR.
The British government issues new taxes to raise revenue and force colonists to pay for the cost of
colonial administration of the Stamp act in 1765.
What is the Stamp Act?
The Stamp Act said that the colonists had to pay a tax on printed papers
What led to the Boston Massacre?
After the Stamp Act, the British issued new taxes that ignited more reactions from the colonists
What is the Boston Massacre?
