Summary Introduction to Object Oriented Programming (OOP)

Introduction to Object Oriented Programming (OOP)



Encapsulation and Abstraction

 Encapsulation: Binding the data and methods that operate on the data within a single unit.

 Abstraction: Hiding the complexity and providing a simple interface to the user.

Classes and Objects

 A class is a blueprint that defines a set of properties (attributes) and methods (functions)
that operate on those properties.

 An object is an instance of a class.

Polymorphism

 Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common
superclass.

 This leads to a more flexible and reusable code.

Problems with Structural Programming

 Global data can be accessed from anywhere in the program, leading to unintended
modifications and difficult-to-find bugs.

 Data coupling can occur when two or more parts of a program rely on the internal structure
of the data they operate on, making the code brittle and difficult to modify.

Features of Object Oriented Programming

 Encapsulation: Binding data and methods together to form a single unit.

 Abstraction: Hiding complexity and providing a simple interface.

 Polymorphism: Allowing objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common
superclass.

 Inheritance: Allowing a class to inherit properties and methods from another class, leading
to reusable and modular code.

Inheritance and Reusability

 Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.

 This promotes reusability of code by allowing existing code to be extended and modified.

 It also leads to more modular and maintainable code by reducing duplication and providing a
clear hierarchy of classes.