Foundations of Nursing Exam 2 Questions
And Answers
Discuss the nurse's responsibility in making clinical decisions - ANS RNs are responsible
for making accurate and appropriate clinical decisions or judgments. Clinical decision making
separates RNs from technicians.
i.e. RN observes for changes in patients, recognize potential problems, identifies new problems
as they arise, and take immediate action when a patient's clinical condition worsens
Discuss how reflection improves a nurse's capacity for making future clinical decisions - ANS
It is like an instant replay, not intuitive. It involves playing back a situation in your mind and
taking time to honestly review everything you remember about it. Reflective reasoning improves
diagnostic accuracy of making diagnostic conclusions
Describe the components of a critical thinking model for clinical decision making - ANS
Specific knowledge base in nursing, experience, critical thinking competencies, attitudes toward
critical thinking, standards for critical thinking (intellectual and professional standards) (Box
15-4)
Discuss critical thinking skills used in nursing practice - ANS Reflective journaling
(clarifying concepts), meeting with colleagues (discuss and examine work experiences and
validate decisions), and concept mapping (visual representation of a patient problems and
interventions that shows their relationships to one another)
Explain there relationship between clinical experience and critical experience and critical
thinking - ANS Experience defines critical thinking. You learn from observing, sensing,
talking with patients and families, and reflecting actively on all experiences. Experience is the
laboratory for developing and testing approaches that you safely adapt or revise to fit the
setting, a patient's unique qualities, and the experiences you have from caring for previous
patients
Discuss the critical thinking attitudes used in clinical decision making - ANS Confidence,
thinking independently, fairness, responsibility and authority, risk taking, discipline,
perseverance, creativity, curiosity, integrity and humility (Box 15-3)
Explain how professional standards influence a nurse's clinical decisions - ANS Critical
thinking refers to ethical criteria for nursing judgements, evidence-based criteria used for
, evaluation, and criteria for professional responsibility. Being able to focus on a patient's values
and beliefs helps you make clinical decisions that are just, faithful to a patient's choices, and
beneficial to patient's well-being
Discuss the importance of managing stress when making clinical decisions - ANS
Autonomic control of decision making, error detection, speech, memory, and emotions during
stressful situations are disrupted because continued sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
Stress over a prolonged period or when extreme can lead to poor work productivity, impaired
decision making and communication, and reduced ability to cope with clinical situations
Discuss the relationship of the nursing process to critical thinking - ANS Critical thinking is
a reasoning process by which you reflect on and analyze your thoughts, actions and knowledge.
The two processes go hand in hand in making quality decisions about patient care
Clinical decision making - ANS Requires careful reasoning (choosing best options for the
best patient outcomes on the basis of a patient's condition and the priority of the problem)
Concept map - ANS Visual representation of patient problems and interventions that shows
their relationships to one another
Critical thinking - ANS The ability to think in a systematic and logical manner with openness
to question and reflect on the reasoning process
Decision making - ANS Product of clinical thinking that focuses on problem
Diagnostic reasoning - ANS It is the analytical process for determining a patient's health
problems
Evidence-based knowledge - ANS Knowledge based on research or clinical expertise,
makes you an informed critical thinker
Inference - ANS The process of drawing conclusions from related pieces of evidence and
previous experience with the evidence
Nursing process - ANS Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Problem solving - ANS Involves evaluating a situation over time, identifying possible
solutions, and trying a solution over time to make sure that it is effective
Reflection - ANS Turning over a subject in the mind and thinking about it seriously
And Answers
Discuss the nurse's responsibility in making clinical decisions - ANS RNs are responsible
for making accurate and appropriate clinical decisions or judgments. Clinical decision making
separates RNs from technicians.
i.e. RN observes for changes in patients, recognize potential problems, identifies new problems
as they arise, and take immediate action when a patient's clinical condition worsens
Discuss how reflection improves a nurse's capacity for making future clinical decisions - ANS
It is like an instant replay, not intuitive. It involves playing back a situation in your mind and
taking time to honestly review everything you remember about it. Reflective reasoning improves
diagnostic accuracy of making diagnostic conclusions
Describe the components of a critical thinking model for clinical decision making - ANS
Specific knowledge base in nursing, experience, critical thinking competencies, attitudes toward
critical thinking, standards for critical thinking (intellectual and professional standards) (Box
15-4)
Discuss critical thinking skills used in nursing practice - ANS Reflective journaling
(clarifying concepts), meeting with colleagues (discuss and examine work experiences and
validate decisions), and concept mapping (visual representation of a patient problems and
interventions that shows their relationships to one another)
Explain there relationship between clinical experience and critical experience and critical
thinking - ANS Experience defines critical thinking. You learn from observing, sensing,
talking with patients and families, and reflecting actively on all experiences. Experience is the
laboratory for developing and testing approaches that you safely adapt or revise to fit the
setting, a patient's unique qualities, and the experiences you have from caring for previous
patients
Discuss the critical thinking attitudes used in clinical decision making - ANS Confidence,
thinking independently, fairness, responsibility and authority, risk taking, discipline,
perseverance, creativity, curiosity, integrity and humility (Box 15-3)
Explain how professional standards influence a nurse's clinical decisions - ANS Critical
thinking refers to ethical criteria for nursing judgements, evidence-based criteria used for
, evaluation, and criteria for professional responsibility. Being able to focus on a patient's values
and beliefs helps you make clinical decisions that are just, faithful to a patient's choices, and
beneficial to patient's well-being
Discuss the importance of managing stress when making clinical decisions - ANS
Autonomic control of decision making, error detection, speech, memory, and emotions during
stressful situations are disrupted because continued sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
Stress over a prolonged period or when extreme can lead to poor work productivity, impaired
decision making and communication, and reduced ability to cope with clinical situations
Discuss the relationship of the nursing process to critical thinking - ANS Critical thinking is
a reasoning process by which you reflect on and analyze your thoughts, actions and knowledge.
The two processes go hand in hand in making quality decisions about patient care
Clinical decision making - ANS Requires careful reasoning (choosing best options for the
best patient outcomes on the basis of a patient's condition and the priority of the problem)
Concept map - ANS Visual representation of patient problems and interventions that shows
their relationships to one another
Critical thinking - ANS The ability to think in a systematic and logical manner with openness
to question and reflect on the reasoning process
Decision making - ANS Product of clinical thinking that focuses on problem
Diagnostic reasoning - ANS It is the analytical process for determining a patient's health
problems
Evidence-based knowledge - ANS Knowledge based on research or clinical expertise,
makes you an informed critical thinker
Inference - ANS The process of drawing conclusions from related pieces of evidence and
previous experience with the evidence
Nursing process - ANS Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Problem solving - ANS Involves evaluating a situation over time, identifying possible
solutions, and trying a solution over time to make sure that it is effective
Reflection - ANS Turning over a subject in the mind and thinking about it seriously
