RNSG 2539 EXAM 2 LATEST ACTUAL EXAM
Liver - ANSWER: Where most blood coagulation factors are synthesized (except
Factor VIII)
Roles of the Liver - ANSWER: Metabolizes, detoxifies, stores, and produces
- Turns glycogen to glucose
- Turns ammonia into urea
- Stores B12, A, C, E, D, K, Iron, & Glycogen
- Albumin (maintains oncotic pressure)
- Detoxifies drugs
- metabolism of estrogen
What happens with cirrhosis of liver? - ANSWER: ↓ Blood Glucose
↑ Ammonia
Clotting issues
Jaundice
Clay-colored stools
↑ Estrogen (Gynecomastia)
Normal Albumin levels - ANSWER: 3.5-5
*Liver Failure - Nutrition* - ANSWER: Nutritional deficiency with reduced protein
intake contributes to liver destruction in cirrhosis, but excessive alcohol intake is the
major causative factor in fatty liver and its consequences.
Liver Disease in relation to hemostasis - ANSWER: Liver dysfunction can lead to
diminished amounts of the factors needed to maintain coagulation and hemostasis.
Liver Disease causes - ANSWER: - Viral infection: Hep C & B
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- ↑ fat collection in liver
- Bile duct problems
- Diabetes
- Autoimmune
Anticholinergic medications - ANSWER: Used for pain management of Pancreatitis
- Block acetylcholine receptors--> increases HR, BP, bronchodilation
Vitamin K - ANSWER: - Synthesis of many coagulation factors
- Deficient in malnourished patients
- Prolonged antibiotic use diminishes the production
Atelectasis from Acute pancreatitis - ANSWER: collapse of alveoli
Pancreatitis * Diagnostic Finding* - ANSWER: - Pancreas swelling
, - Blood sugar issues
- Malabsorption
- GI: pain, diarrhea, oily stool
- Ascites
- Fibrosis, systs, abscesses, rupture
Acute Pancreatitis *Causes* - ANSWER: *↑ Amylase & Lipase*
1) Gallstones
2) Alcohol Abuse
Chronic Pancreatitis *Causes* - ANSWER: 1) Chronic inflammation to the pancreas
2) Years and years of alcohol abuse
*Cystic Fibrosis*
↑ Calcium
↑ Cholesterol
Pancreatitis *Signs/Symptoms* - ANSWER: - Sudden, very painful mid-epigastric pain
of LUQ
- Hurts most when lying flat
↑ HR, Fever, ↓BP
↑ Glucose, ↑ Amylase and Lipase
- Cullen's sign: bluish discoloration umbilicus
Protease - ANSWER: Enzyme that digests protein
Amylase - ANSWER: Breaks down carbs to glucose
56-90 IU/L
Lipase - ANSWER: Breaks down fats
0-110 units/L
WBC - ANSWER: 5000-10,000
RBC - ANSWER: • Females 4.2-5.4 million/uL
• Males 4.7-6.1 million /uL
Iron - ANSWER: • Females 60-160 mcg/dL
• Males 80-180 mcg/dL
Platelets - ANSWER: 150,000-450,000
Hemoglobin (Hgb) - ANSWER: • Females 12-16 g/dL
• Males 14-18 g/dL
Hematocrit (Hct) - ANSWER: • Females 37-47%
• Males 42-52%
Liver - ANSWER: Where most blood coagulation factors are synthesized (except
Factor VIII)
Roles of the Liver - ANSWER: Metabolizes, detoxifies, stores, and produces
- Turns glycogen to glucose
- Turns ammonia into urea
- Stores B12, A, C, E, D, K, Iron, & Glycogen
- Albumin (maintains oncotic pressure)
- Detoxifies drugs
- metabolism of estrogen
What happens with cirrhosis of liver? - ANSWER: ↓ Blood Glucose
↑ Ammonia
Clotting issues
Jaundice
Clay-colored stools
↑ Estrogen (Gynecomastia)
Normal Albumin levels - ANSWER: 3.5-5
*Liver Failure - Nutrition* - ANSWER: Nutritional deficiency with reduced protein
intake contributes to liver destruction in cirrhosis, but excessive alcohol intake is the
major causative factor in fatty liver and its consequences.
Liver Disease in relation to hemostasis - ANSWER: Liver dysfunction can lead to
diminished amounts of the factors needed to maintain coagulation and hemostasis.
Liver Disease causes - ANSWER: - Viral infection: Hep C & B
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- ↑ fat collection in liver
- Bile duct problems
- Diabetes
- Autoimmune
Anticholinergic medications - ANSWER: Used for pain management of Pancreatitis
- Block acetylcholine receptors--> increases HR, BP, bronchodilation
Vitamin K - ANSWER: - Synthesis of many coagulation factors
- Deficient in malnourished patients
- Prolonged antibiotic use diminishes the production
Atelectasis from Acute pancreatitis - ANSWER: collapse of alveoli
Pancreatitis * Diagnostic Finding* - ANSWER: - Pancreas swelling
, - Blood sugar issues
- Malabsorption
- GI: pain, diarrhea, oily stool
- Ascites
- Fibrosis, systs, abscesses, rupture
Acute Pancreatitis *Causes* - ANSWER: *↑ Amylase & Lipase*
1) Gallstones
2) Alcohol Abuse
Chronic Pancreatitis *Causes* - ANSWER: 1) Chronic inflammation to the pancreas
2) Years and years of alcohol abuse
*Cystic Fibrosis*
↑ Calcium
↑ Cholesterol
Pancreatitis *Signs/Symptoms* - ANSWER: - Sudden, very painful mid-epigastric pain
of LUQ
- Hurts most when lying flat
↑ HR, Fever, ↓BP
↑ Glucose, ↑ Amylase and Lipase
- Cullen's sign: bluish discoloration umbilicus
Protease - ANSWER: Enzyme that digests protein
Amylase - ANSWER: Breaks down carbs to glucose
56-90 IU/L
Lipase - ANSWER: Breaks down fats
0-110 units/L
WBC - ANSWER: 5000-10,000
RBC - ANSWER: • Females 4.2-5.4 million/uL
• Males 4.7-6.1 million /uL
Iron - ANSWER: • Females 60-160 mcg/dL
• Males 80-180 mcg/dL
Platelets - ANSWER: 150,000-450,000
Hemoglobin (Hgb) - ANSWER: • Females 12-16 g/dL
• Males 14-18 g/dL
Hematocrit (Hct) - ANSWER: • Females 37-47%
• Males 42-52%
