class Msc organic chemistry Basics of carbohydrates nots as per NEP syllabus

Carbohydrates are essential biomolecules consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a 1:2:1 ratio. In MSc Chemistry, the study of carbohydrates covers their structure, classification, properties, and functions. Carbohydrates are classified into monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides based on the number of sugar units. Topics include stereochemistry (D- and L-forms), cyclic structures (furanose and pyranose), glycosidic bonds, and reactions like oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis. The role of carbohydrates in energy storage (e.g., glucose and glycogen) and structural functions (e.g., cellulose and chitin) is also explored, alongside analytical techniques like HPLC for carbohydrate analysis.