FISDAP AIRWAY EXAM 3 VERSIONS (VERSION A, B & C) LATEST
ACTUAL EXAM
From the atmosphere, what structures does air pass through during ventilation? -
ANSWER: Starts in atmosphere, then nose, nasopharyngeal space/orophargyneal
space (if mouth breather), then pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles,
alveoli
What is the purpose of the nasal passages and nasopharynx? - ANSWER: To
warm/humidify air as it passes through
What is the difference between respiration and ventilation? - ANSWER: Respiration
refers to the exchange of gases in the alveoli, ventilation refers to the movement
of air into the lungs. Respiration is needed to provide O2 to cells and remove waste
products. Also regulates pH of blood.
What are the structures of the upper airway? - ANSWER: nose, mouth, tongue, jaw,
pharynx and larynx
What structure is considered a landmark that divides the upper airway from lower? -
ANSWER: The larynx, anything above is upper. The larynx and below are lower.
What are the structures of the lower airways? - ANSWER: larynx (includes adam's
apple/thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid membrane, cricoid cartilage), trachea,
bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Describe the anatomy of the larynx. - ANSWER: From superior to inferior. Thyroid
cartilage, cricothyroid membrane, and cricoid membrane. The thyroid cartilage and
cricoid cartilage are anterior to the larynx, and the cricothyroid membrane is
posterior to both structures.
True or false: the lungs are completely equal in the midsaggital plane. - ANSWER:
False, right lungs has 3 lobes, left lung only has 2 lobes. Together they have 5 total.
Also, the right bronchi is inferior to the left bronchi.
What are the structures of the lungs in order of ventilation? - ANSWER: bronchioles,
and alveoli
True or false: the lungs use muscles found in the lateral lobes to expand and
contract? - ANSWER: False: the lungs are hollow organs and contain no muscles.
When the diaphragm contracts it expands the thoracic cavity. The pleural space
has a negative pressure and the lungs expand. This results in a slightly negative
pressure (compared to the atmosphere) and air rushes in.
, True or false: Air rushes into the lungs because of negative pressure. - ANSWER:
True, when the lungs expand, they are creating a vacuum because they are
expanding the volume of the container. This increase in volume causes influx of air
into the container until the pressure is equalized with the atmosphere.
True or false: The parietal pleura lines the lungs and the visceral pleura lines the
lungs. The space between is called the anterior pleura. - ANSWER: False: the visceral
pleura lines the lungs, the parietal pleura lines the body cavity and the pleural
space is the space in between both where body fluid allows for both to smoothly
glide.
What muscles are involved in inhalation? - ANSWER: The diaphragm, cervical
muscles (neck), intercostals, abdominal muscles, and pectoral muscles.
What muscles are involved in expiration? - ANSWER: none, expiration (if done
passively) is achieved by the relaxation of the diaphragm.
What is the primary driver of respiration? (Why would we increase/decrease RR?) -
ANSWER: The CSF in the brain has chemoreceptors sensitive to CO2. When there is
too much CO2. The pH changes. These sensors feed back to the medulla oblongata,
which stimulates the phrenic nerve which innervates the diaphragm. They cause an
increase in activity of the diaphragm. This increases the RR which causes us to
increase tidal volume. This means more CO2 is exhaled. And brings our pH back to
normal.
We also have the less sensitive hypoxic drive
What is hypoxic drive? - ANSWER: Backup system to control respiration.
Chemoreceptors in brain, aorta, and carotid arteries. But they are "satisfied" by a
small amount of O2, which means it is not as sensitive as pH control of CO2
What two areas of the brain are involved in respiration? - ANSWER: medulla-
controls rhythm, initiates inspiration, sets base pattern for respirations, and
stimulates diaphragm to contract.
pons-changes depth of inspiration, expiration or both.
True or false: arteries bring oxygenated blood to organs/capillaries - ANSWER: True
in most cases with one exception. Arteries (away) bring blood away from the
heart. Usually this is oxygenated blood. But the pulmonary arteries bring oxygen
poor blood away from the heart, to the lungs to be oxygenated.
What is the tidal volume? - ANSWER: amount of air moved in/out of lungs in single
breath. Usually 500 ml in adult
What is inspiratory reserve volume? - ANSWER: Deepest breath you can take after
normal respiration
ACTUAL EXAM
From the atmosphere, what structures does air pass through during ventilation? -
ANSWER: Starts in atmosphere, then nose, nasopharyngeal space/orophargyneal
space (if mouth breather), then pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles,
alveoli
What is the purpose of the nasal passages and nasopharynx? - ANSWER: To
warm/humidify air as it passes through
What is the difference between respiration and ventilation? - ANSWER: Respiration
refers to the exchange of gases in the alveoli, ventilation refers to the movement
of air into the lungs. Respiration is needed to provide O2 to cells and remove waste
products. Also regulates pH of blood.
What are the structures of the upper airway? - ANSWER: nose, mouth, tongue, jaw,
pharynx and larynx
What structure is considered a landmark that divides the upper airway from lower? -
ANSWER: The larynx, anything above is upper. The larynx and below are lower.
What are the structures of the lower airways? - ANSWER: larynx (includes adam's
apple/thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid membrane, cricoid cartilage), trachea,
bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Describe the anatomy of the larynx. - ANSWER: From superior to inferior. Thyroid
cartilage, cricothyroid membrane, and cricoid membrane. The thyroid cartilage and
cricoid cartilage are anterior to the larynx, and the cricothyroid membrane is
posterior to both structures.
True or false: the lungs are completely equal in the midsaggital plane. - ANSWER:
False, right lungs has 3 lobes, left lung only has 2 lobes. Together they have 5 total.
Also, the right bronchi is inferior to the left bronchi.
What are the structures of the lungs in order of ventilation? - ANSWER: bronchioles,
and alveoli
True or false: the lungs use muscles found in the lateral lobes to expand and
contract? - ANSWER: False: the lungs are hollow organs and contain no muscles.
When the diaphragm contracts it expands the thoracic cavity. The pleural space
has a negative pressure and the lungs expand. This results in a slightly negative
pressure (compared to the atmosphere) and air rushes in.
, True or false: Air rushes into the lungs because of negative pressure. - ANSWER:
True, when the lungs expand, they are creating a vacuum because they are
expanding the volume of the container. This increase in volume causes influx of air
into the container until the pressure is equalized with the atmosphere.
True or false: The parietal pleura lines the lungs and the visceral pleura lines the
lungs. The space between is called the anterior pleura. - ANSWER: False: the visceral
pleura lines the lungs, the parietal pleura lines the body cavity and the pleural
space is the space in between both where body fluid allows for both to smoothly
glide.
What muscles are involved in inhalation? - ANSWER: The diaphragm, cervical
muscles (neck), intercostals, abdominal muscles, and pectoral muscles.
What muscles are involved in expiration? - ANSWER: none, expiration (if done
passively) is achieved by the relaxation of the diaphragm.
What is the primary driver of respiration? (Why would we increase/decrease RR?) -
ANSWER: The CSF in the brain has chemoreceptors sensitive to CO2. When there is
too much CO2. The pH changes. These sensors feed back to the medulla oblongata,
which stimulates the phrenic nerve which innervates the diaphragm. They cause an
increase in activity of the diaphragm. This increases the RR which causes us to
increase tidal volume. This means more CO2 is exhaled. And brings our pH back to
normal.
We also have the less sensitive hypoxic drive
What is hypoxic drive? - ANSWER: Backup system to control respiration.
Chemoreceptors in brain, aorta, and carotid arteries. But they are "satisfied" by a
small amount of O2, which means it is not as sensitive as pH control of CO2
What two areas of the brain are involved in respiration? - ANSWER: medulla-
controls rhythm, initiates inspiration, sets base pattern for respirations, and
stimulates diaphragm to contract.
pons-changes depth of inspiration, expiration or both.
True or false: arteries bring oxygenated blood to organs/capillaries - ANSWER: True
in most cases with one exception. Arteries (away) bring blood away from the
heart. Usually this is oxygenated blood. But the pulmonary arteries bring oxygen
poor blood away from the heart, to the lungs to be oxygenated.
What is the tidal volume? - ANSWER: amount of air moved in/out of lungs in single
breath. Usually 500 ml in adult
What is inspiratory reserve volume? - ANSWER: Deepest breath you can take after
normal respiration
