CH. 11 Seidel's Guide to Physical Examination Practice Questions and Answers

CH. 11 Seidel's Guide to Physical Examination Practice Questions and Answers Which cranial nerves innervate the face? a. II and V b. III and VI c. V and VII d. VIII and IX e. I and VII - Answer️️ -ANS: C Facial nerves are controlled by cranial nerves V and VII, cranial nerve I involves smell, cranial nerves II, III, and VI control the eyes, cranial nerve VIII deals with hearing, and cranial nerve IX deals with swallowing. The trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles and the clavicle form a landmark called the triangle. a. anterior b. posterior c. lateral TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 2/17 d. medial e. ventral - Answer️️ -ANS: B Anatomically, these landmarks comprise what is referred to as the posterior triangle, which includes the posterior cervical lymph nodes. The anterior triangle is adjacent to the posterior triangle, formed by the medial borders of the sternocleidomastoid muscles and the mandible. The relationship of neck muscles to each other and to adjacent bones creates the anatomic landmarks known as triangles. The medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscles and the mandible form the triangle. a. dorsal b. posterior c. lateral d. medial e. anterior - Answer️️ -ANS: E The anterior triangle is adjacent to the posterior triangle, formed by the medial borders of the sternocleidomastoid muscles and the mandible. The trapezius, sternocleidomastoid muscles, and clavicle form the posterior triangle. The relationship of neck muscles to each other and to adjacent bones creates the anatomic landmarks known as triangles. The largest endocrine gland in the body lies in the triangle. TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 3/17 a. anterior b. posterior c. lateral d. medial e. ventral - Answer️️ -ANS: A The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland and lies in the anterior triangle. The posterior triangle does contain cervical lymph nodes, and the lateral and medial triangles are not anatomic landmarks Which structures disproportionately enlarge in males during adolescence? a. Coronal sutures b. Hyoid and cricoid cartilages c. Mandible and maxilla bones d. Nose and thyroid cartilages e. Mastoid processes and ears - Answer️️ -ANS: D In adolescent males, the nose enlarges, and the thyroid cartilage becomes the largest component of the anterior larynx, known as the Adam's apple. When examining the skull of a 4-month-old baby, you should normally find: a. closure of the anterior fontanel. TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 4/17 b. closure of the posterior fontanel. c. ossification of the all sutures. d. overlap of the cranial bones. e. closure of the sagittal and coronal sutures - Answer️️ -ANS: B At 2 months of age, the posterior fontanels should be closed or ossified with the anterior fontanels, a larger fontanel, closing at 12 to 15 months. The only time the cranial bones should overlap is during a vaginal birth as a result of pressure within the birth canal. Ossification of the sutures begins after completion of brain growth, at about 6 years of age, and is finished by adulthood. The thyroid gland is partially obscured by the: a. cricoid cartilage. b. carotid artery. c. external jugular. d. sternocleidomastoid. e. hyoid bone. - Answer️️ -ANS: D The thyroid sits just below the cricoid, an anatomic landmark for location of the thyroid; the lobes curve are somewhat hidden by the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The brown or tan pigmentation on the forehead, nose, and malar prominence of some pregnant women is called: TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 5/17 a. hormonal acne. b. erythema. c. alopecia. d. chloasma. e. craniotabes. - Answer️️ -ANS: D Chloasma, brown or tan facial pigmentation during pregnancy, fades after delivery. Hormonal acne and erythema do not result in brown or tan pigmentation, and alopecia is loss of hair. Craniotabes is a softening of the outer table of the skull of an infant, often associated with rickets and hydrocephalus. A bruit heard over the thyroid is suggestive of: a. hypothyroidism. b. hyperthyroidism. c. thyroid cancer. d. thyroid cyst. e. thyroid nodule. - Answer️️ -ANS: B Because of hypermetabolic states such as hyperthyroidism, a bruit may be heard as a result of the increased blood flow to the area. Auscultating a bruit is not symptomatic of hypothyroidism, cancer, or a cyst. A nodule is more indicative of cancer. What is the significance of a patient with asymmetry of the entire side of the face? TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 6/17 a. A degenerative process may be developing. b. A peripheral trigeminal nerve problem exists. c. Asymmetry of body sides is a normal finding. d. Visual and hearing problems will be present. e. Facial nerve paralysis may be present. - Answer️️ -ANS: E When the entire side of the face is asymmetrical, facial nerve paralysis may be the cause. When asymmetry is concentrated only to the lower portion of the face, weakness of the nerves in this area may be present; if the mouth is asymmetric, there may be an existing trigeminal nerve dysfunction. Degenerative processes are more correlated with facial spasms. Visual and hearing problems may result in a patient turning his or her head to one side to favor the good eye or ear. Coarse, dry, and brittle hair is associated with which metabolic disorder? a. Hypothyroidism b. Diabetes mellitus c. Addison disease d. Cushing syndrome e. Fetal alcohol syndrome - Answer️️ -ANS: A Hypothyroidism affects hair texture, resulting in coarse, dry, and brittle changes. Which is the best way to position a patient's neck for palpation of the thyroid? TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 7/17 a. Flexed away from the side being examined b. Flexed directly forward c. Flexed toward the side being examined d. Hyperextended directly backward e. Rotated away from the side being examined - Answer️️ -ANS: C The patient should be positioned so that the sternocleidomastoid muscle is relaxed and the thyroid is easier to palpate. This is done by having the patient flex the neck slightly forward and laterally toward the side being examined. A stethoscope is used in a head and neck examinatio