APUSH Unit 4 Review (1800-1848)
Barbary Wars - ANS Adams (federalist) had paid pirates from North Africa for ship protection,
but Jefferson, thinking it morally wrong, refused to do so, sparking a naval war. Jefferson finally
agreed to pay a reduced wage.
Strict Constructionist - ANS one who takes literal translation of constitution. The
democratic-republicans grew to believe firmly in this.
Loose Constructionist - ANS broad interpretation of the Constitution. The federalists grew to
believe firmly in this.
Louisiana Purchase - ANS Jefferson sent Monroe in 1803 to purchase French land in western
United States after the Haitian Revolution. This was strange of Jefferson to do, because buying
new land wasn't strictly in the Constitution.
Corps of Discovery - ANS Official name of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, led to good mapping
and diplomatic relations with natives in Louisiana
Marbury v Madison - ANS 1803 SCOTUS case, where after the Judiciary Act, Adams filled the
court with "midnight appointees" including Marbury. Madison was against this, so it went to
court. Chief Justice John Marshall said that Marbury did deserve entrance to the court under
Judiciary Act, but he then said that the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional, thus starting Judicial
Review
McCulloch v Maryland - ANS 1819 SCOTUS case in which Marshall declared that federal law
trumps state law
Impressment - ANS British ships were forcibly capturing American freight ships, a cause of War
of 1812.
Hartford Convention - ANS 1814 meeting of Federalists from New England who opposed the
War of 1812. They even threatened to secede from the Union.
Era of Good Feelings - ANS A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong
nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved
after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts. However, this
time was short-lived.
American System - ANS Plan proposed by Clay, after the ending of the War of 1812 had
showed that the US did not have reliable credit (the DemReps let Nat'l Bank expire) and had
, bad transportation issues. The plan was composed of: federally funded internal improvement
(Madison vetoed), a protective tariff (accepted), and a 2nd National Bank (accepted)
Tallmadge Amendment - ANS With Missouri coming into the Union as a presumed slave state,
this was an attempt to make it a free state. In the mind of the South, this was a threat to the
sectional balance between North and South. This threatened to break up the union.
Missouri Compromise of 1820 - ANS Created by Henry Clay after debates regarding Missouri
after the Tallmadge Amendment. It brought in MO as a slave state, Maine as free, and the MO
southern border divides free and slave states.
Adams-Onis Treaty - ANS 1819 Monroe ordered the negotiation of this treaty, in which Spain
sold Florida to the US and established a southern border.
Treaty of 1818 - ANS Monroe ordered Adams to negotiate this treaty, in which British Canada
and America would have joint occupation of Oregon territory and set the northern border of the
US at the 49th parallel.
Monroe Doctrine - ANS 1823 — After many Latin American countries gained independence
from Spain, this established the Western Hemisphere as a US sphere of influence perpetually to
be free of European influence.
Market Revolution - ANS 1820s-30s — The linking of northern industries with western and
southern farms which was created by advances in agriculture, industry, communication, and
transportation. There were economic changes where people buy and sell goods rather than
make them themselves. It was caused by the Industrial Revolution.
Cotton Gin - ANS A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney
in 1793. It is an example of a technological breakthrough that influenced the linking of northern
industries and southern farms in the Market Revolution.
Interchangeable Parts - ANS Identical components that can be used in place of one another in
manufacturing. It was a great contributor to the Market Revolution.
American System of Manufacturing - ANS Mass production performed by water-powered
machines and a division of unskilled laborers doing the same tasks.
Steamboats - ANS boats that could travel upriver. These were created during the Market
Revolution, influencing it by increasing the ability to transport materials. Canals were also
created.
Erie Canal - ANS 1825 waterway for steamboats that was created. It allowed the boats to bring
materials in direct paths, influencing the market revolution.
Barbary Wars - ANS Adams (federalist) had paid pirates from North Africa for ship protection,
but Jefferson, thinking it morally wrong, refused to do so, sparking a naval war. Jefferson finally
agreed to pay a reduced wage.
Strict Constructionist - ANS one who takes literal translation of constitution. The
democratic-republicans grew to believe firmly in this.
Loose Constructionist - ANS broad interpretation of the Constitution. The federalists grew to
believe firmly in this.
Louisiana Purchase - ANS Jefferson sent Monroe in 1803 to purchase French land in western
United States after the Haitian Revolution. This was strange of Jefferson to do, because buying
new land wasn't strictly in the Constitution.
Corps of Discovery - ANS Official name of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, led to good mapping
and diplomatic relations with natives in Louisiana
Marbury v Madison - ANS 1803 SCOTUS case, where after the Judiciary Act, Adams filled the
court with "midnight appointees" including Marbury. Madison was against this, so it went to
court. Chief Justice John Marshall said that Marbury did deserve entrance to the court under
Judiciary Act, but he then said that the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional, thus starting Judicial
Review
McCulloch v Maryland - ANS 1819 SCOTUS case in which Marshall declared that federal law
trumps state law
Impressment - ANS British ships were forcibly capturing American freight ships, a cause of War
of 1812.
Hartford Convention - ANS 1814 meeting of Federalists from New England who opposed the
War of 1812. They even threatened to secede from the Union.
Era of Good Feelings - ANS A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong
nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved
after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts. However, this
time was short-lived.
American System - ANS Plan proposed by Clay, after the ending of the War of 1812 had
showed that the US did not have reliable credit (the DemReps let Nat'l Bank expire) and had
, bad transportation issues. The plan was composed of: federally funded internal improvement
(Madison vetoed), a protective tariff (accepted), and a 2nd National Bank (accepted)
Tallmadge Amendment - ANS With Missouri coming into the Union as a presumed slave state,
this was an attempt to make it a free state. In the mind of the South, this was a threat to the
sectional balance between North and South. This threatened to break up the union.
Missouri Compromise of 1820 - ANS Created by Henry Clay after debates regarding Missouri
after the Tallmadge Amendment. It brought in MO as a slave state, Maine as free, and the MO
southern border divides free and slave states.
Adams-Onis Treaty - ANS 1819 Monroe ordered the negotiation of this treaty, in which Spain
sold Florida to the US and established a southern border.
Treaty of 1818 - ANS Monroe ordered Adams to negotiate this treaty, in which British Canada
and America would have joint occupation of Oregon territory and set the northern border of the
US at the 49th parallel.
Monroe Doctrine - ANS 1823 — After many Latin American countries gained independence
from Spain, this established the Western Hemisphere as a US sphere of influence perpetually to
be free of European influence.
Market Revolution - ANS 1820s-30s — The linking of northern industries with western and
southern farms which was created by advances in agriculture, industry, communication, and
transportation. There were economic changes where people buy and sell goods rather than
make them themselves. It was caused by the Industrial Revolution.
Cotton Gin - ANS A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney
in 1793. It is an example of a technological breakthrough that influenced the linking of northern
industries and southern farms in the Market Revolution.
Interchangeable Parts - ANS Identical components that can be used in place of one another in
manufacturing. It was a great contributor to the Market Revolution.
American System of Manufacturing - ANS Mass production performed by water-powered
machines and a division of unskilled laborers doing the same tasks.
Steamboats - ANS boats that could travel upriver. These were created during the Market
Revolution, influencing it by increasing the ability to transport materials. Canals were also
created.
Erie Canal - ANS 1825 waterway for steamboats that was created. It allowed the boats to bring
materials in direct paths, influencing the market revolution.
