ABFM ITE EXAM ACTUAL EXAM 300 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+
CAP antibiotic that causes VF - ANSWER: Azithromycin
- The arrhythmia results from prolongation of the QT interval and is also more
common in patients with a prior cardiac history.
Anti-DM medications for weight loss - ANSWER: GLP1 receptor agonists e.g.
Exenatide
SGLT-2 inhibitor e.g. Canagliflozin
Screening test with greatest potential for over diagnosis - ANSWER: PSA
Clinical manifestation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - ANSWER: Asymmetric leg
weakness
Opioid to avoid in palliative patient with severe hepatic dysfunction - ANSWER:
Methadone
- It is metabolized and cleared by the liver, and should therefore not be used in
patients with severe hepatic impairment. It is, however, a reasonable option for
patients with severe renal impairment.
Lung cancer screening with low dose CT Chest annually - ANSWER: Adults 55-80yo
with 30 pack year history and currently smoking or quit within last 15 years
NOAC with reversal agent - ANSWER: Dabigatran
Reduces alcoholism but creating an acute ethanol sensitivity - ANSWER: Disulfiram
Antidepressant to be avoided in the elderly - ANSWER: Paroxetine (associated with
more anticholinergic effects)
SSRIs > SNRIs, atypical antipsychotics may be added for resistant depression
Age group between which American Academy of Pediatrics recommends
administration of an autism-specific screening tool - ANSWER: 18-24 months old
Most common neurological complication of Paget's disease of the bone - ANSWER:
Hearing loss
Most common cardiac complication of Lyme disease - ANSWER: Heart blocks
,Examination finding of those with bacterial vaginosis - ANSWER: Vaginal pH >4.5
(normal vaginal pH should be acidic)
Most common cause of medication-related adverse events across health care
settings in the United States - ANSWER: Antibiotics
Screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis - ANSWER: Not recommended
May start statins.
Repeating ultrasonography annually to monitor for progression of the disease and to
guide intervention is also considered reasonable.
In anaphylaxis, which drug is most likely helpful in preventing the need for
intubation? - ANSWER: Epinephrine
Barrett's oesophagus with no dysplasia - ANSWER: Surveillance with endoscopy
every 3 years
Positive family history of colorectal cancer - ANSWER: Individuals who have a first-
degree relative with colorectal cancer or advanced adenoma diagnosed before 60
years of age or two first-degree relatives diagnosed at any age should be advised to
start screening colonoscopy at 40 years of age or 10 years younger than the earliest
diagnosis in their family, whichever comes first.
Most common cause of hearing loss in newborns - ANSWER: Genetic inheritance
Influenza vaccination in those with potential egg allergy - ANSWER: All currently
available influenza vaccines, with the exceptions of recombinant and cell-culture-
based inactivated influenza vaccines, are prepared using embryonated egg culture
and can potentially provoke allergic and anaphylactic reactions.
For those who report that they can eat lightly cooked scrambled eggs, vaccination
can proceed without precaution or observation. Those who have experienced only
hives can also receive any influenza vaccine appropriate for their age and health
status.
People who have experienced symptoms such as hypotension, wheezing, nausea, or
vomiting, or reactions requiring emergency attention or epinephrine after eating
eggs or egg-containing foods can also receive any influenza vaccine appropriate for
their age and health status and also do not need to be observed. However, the
vaccine should be administered by a provider who can recognize and manage severe
allergic reactions.
How is the Timed Up and Go test useful in GRM patients? - ANSWER: Helps to assess
the risk of falling
,Antidepressant that can prolong QT interval to be avoided in those on concomitant
atypical antipsychotics - ANSWER: Citalopram, Escitalopram
Other SSRIs, as well as bupropion, venlafaxine, and mirtazapine, do not have this
effect. Both tricyclic antidepressants and antipsychotics, commonly used in patients
also taking SSRIs, can cause QT prolongation, making their combined use
problematic.
Antibiotic for traveller's diarrhoea - ANSWER: Azithromycin
Prevented by washing hands frequently
Most effective medication for treating fibromyalgia - ANSWER: TCAs > SSRIs (helps
with some pain reduction)
In a healthy full-term infant who is exclusively breastfed, iron supplementation
should begin at what age in order to prevent iron deficiency anaemia? - ANSWER: 4
months
- In preterm babies (before 37w), elemental iron supplementation (2mg/kg per day)
should begin at 1 month of age and should continue until 12 months of age, unless
the infant had multiple blood transfusions.
Strongest risk factor for primary hypertension in children and adolescents - ANSWER:
Elevated BMI
Treatment of erythrasma (Wood's lamp coral pink/red fluorescence, fine-scaled with
a cigarette-paper appearance) caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum infection -
ANSWER: Erythromycin
Which investigation is routine in all newborns with Down syndrome? - ANSWER:
Echocardiography
Treatment duration for provoked vs unprovoked PE - ANSWER: 3 months and
indefinitely respectively
In patients with symptoms indicative of pneumonia or heart failure, what
investigations can be done to determine treatment of either condition or both? -
ANSWER: BNP and procalcitonin levels
How to increase HDL (good cholesterol)? - ANSWER: Add niacin
Dietary recommendation in diverticulosis - ANSWER: High fibre or take fibre
supplements
Side effects of prolonged PPI use - ANSWER: C diff infection, hypoMg, hip fracture
, Which antiemetic blocks dopamine stimulation in the chemoreceptor trigger zone? -
ANSWER: Metoclopramide
Little League shoulder is a repetitive use injury causing disruption at the proximal
growth plate of the humerus - ANSWER: Proximal humeral epiphysitis.
Can be seen on plain radiographs as widening, demineralization, or sclerosis at the
growth plate.
Fluoride supplementation should be started at what age when primary water supply
is deficient in fluoride - ANSWER: 6 months
Medications that can reduce serum Vitamin D levels - ANSWER: Rifampicin,
Phenytoin
Isolated posterior cruciate ligament tear - ANSWER: Direct blow to the anterior tibia
whilst knee is in flexion
What should patients be periodically monitored for whilst on Amiodarone? -
ANSWER: TSH
Drug of choice in depressed persons with cardiovascular disease - ANSWER: SSRIs
Antibiotics causing prolonged QT - ANSWER: Macrolides
Benign nocturnal limb pains of childhood (previously known as "growing pains") -
ANSWER: Usually occur in the evening or night time, may sometimes wake patient
from sleep, short-lived (about 30min), not associated with
redness/swelling/tenderness/limping.
No further work-up necessary.
Treatment of OSA in children - ANSWER: Adenotonsillectomy
What is most likely seen with diastolic dysfunction? - ANSWER: A preserved ejection
fraction
Positive hip FADIR and FABER testing - ANSWER: Hip labral tear
Childhood vaccination carrying risk of febrile seizure in up to 2 weeks post-
administration - ANSWER: MMR
Elbow Moving Valgus Stress Test - ANSWER: Ulnar collateral ligament injury
In United Stated, at what age is it recommended for cow's milk be introduced? -
ANSWER: 12 months
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+
CAP antibiotic that causes VF - ANSWER: Azithromycin
- The arrhythmia results from prolongation of the QT interval and is also more
common in patients with a prior cardiac history.
Anti-DM medications for weight loss - ANSWER: GLP1 receptor agonists e.g.
Exenatide
SGLT-2 inhibitor e.g. Canagliflozin
Screening test with greatest potential for over diagnosis - ANSWER: PSA
Clinical manifestation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - ANSWER: Asymmetric leg
weakness
Opioid to avoid in palliative patient with severe hepatic dysfunction - ANSWER:
Methadone
- It is metabolized and cleared by the liver, and should therefore not be used in
patients with severe hepatic impairment. It is, however, a reasonable option for
patients with severe renal impairment.
Lung cancer screening with low dose CT Chest annually - ANSWER: Adults 55-80yo
with 30 pack year history and currently smoking or quit within last 15 years
NOAC with reversal agent - ANSWER: Dabigatran
Reduces alcoholism but creating an acute ethanol sensitivity - ANSWER: Disulfiram
Antidepressant to be avoided in the elderly - ANSWER: Paroxetine (associated with
more anticholinergic effects)
SSRIs > SNRIs, atypical antipsychotics may be added for resistant depression
Age group between which American Academy of Pediatrics recommends
administration of an autism-specific screening tool - ANSWER: 18-24 months old
Most common neurological complication of Paget's disease of the bone - ANSWER:
Hearing loss
Most common cardiac complication of Lyme disease - ANSWER: Heart blocks
,Examination finding of those with bacterial vaginosis - ANSWER: Vaginal pH >4.5
(normal vaginal pH should be acidic)
Most common cause of medication-related adverse events across health care
settings in the United States - ANSWER: Antibiotics
Screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis - ANSWER: Not recommended
May start statins.
Repeating ultrasonography annually to monitor for progression of the disease and to
guide intervention is also considered reasonable.
In anaphylaxis, which drug is most likely helpful in preventing the need for
intubation? - ANSWER: Epinephrine
Barrett's oesophagus with no dysplasia - ANSWER: Surveillance with endoscopy
every 3 years
Positive family history of colorectal cancer - ANSWER: Individuals who have a first-
degree relative with colorectal cancer or advanced adenoma diagnosed before 60
years of age or two first-degree relatives diagnosed at any age should be advised to
start screening colonoscopy at 40 years of age or 10 years younger than the earliest
diagnosis in their family, whichever comes first.
Most common cause of hearing loss in newborns - ANSWER: Genetic inheritance
Influenza vaccination in those with potential egg allergy - ANSWER: All currently
available influenza vaccines, with the exceptions of recombinant and cell-culture-
based inactivated influenza vaccines, are prepared using embryonated egg culture
and can potentially provoke allergic and anaphylactic reactions.
For those who report that they can eat lightly cooked scrambled eggs, vaccination
can proceed without precaution or observation. Those who have experienced only
hives can also receive any influenza vaccine appropriate for their age and health
status.
People who have experienced symptoms such as hypotension, wheezing, nausea, or
vomiting, or reactions requiring emergency attention or epinephrine after eating
eggs or egg-containing foods can also receive any influenza vaccine appropriate for
their age and health status and also do not need to be observed. However, the
vaccine should be administered by a provider who can recognize and manage severe
allergic reactions.
How is the Timed Up and Go test useful in GRM patients? - ANSWER: Helps to assess
the risk of falling
,Antidepressant that can prolong QT interval to be avoided in those on concomitant
atypical antipsychotics - ANSWER: Citalopram, Escitalopram
Other SSRIs, as well as bupropion, venlafaxine, and mirtazapine, do not have this
effect. Both tricyclic antidepressants and antipsychotics, commonly used in patients
also taking SSRIs, can cause QT prolongation, making their combined use
problematic.
Antibiotic for traveller's diarrhoea - ANSWER: Azithromycin
Prevented by washing hands frequently
Most effective medication for treating fibromyalgia - ANSWER: TCAs > SSRIs (helps
with some pain reduction)
In a healthy full-term infant who is exclusively breastfed, iron supplementation
should begin at what age in order to prevent iron deficiency anaemia? - ANSWER: 4
months
- In preterm babies (before 37w), elemental iron supplementation (2mg/kg per day)
should begin at 1 month of age and should continue until 12 months of age, unless
the infant had multiple blood transfusions.
Strongest risk factor for primary hypertension in children and adolescents - ANSWER:
Elevated BMI
Treatment of erythrasma (Wood's lamp coral pink/red fluorescence, fine-scaled with
a cigarette-paper appearance) caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum infection -
ANSWER: Erythromycin
Which investigation is routine in all newborns with Down syndrome? - ANSWER:
Echocardiography
Treatment duration for provoked vs unprovoked PE - ANSWER: 3 months and
indefinitely respectively
In patients with symptoms indicative of pneumonia or heart failure, what
investigations can be done to determine treatment of either condition or both? -
ANSWER: BNP and procalcitonin levels
How to increase HDL (good cholesterol)? - ANSWER: Add niacin
Dietary recommendation in diverticulosis - ANSWER: High fibre or take fibre
supplements
Side effects of prolonged PPI use - ANSWER: C diff infection, hypoMg, hip fracture
, Which antiemetic blocks dopamine stimulation in the chemoreceptor trigger zone? -
ANSWER: Metoclopramide
Little League shoulder is a repetitive use injury causing disruption at the proximal
growth plate of the humerus - ANSWER: Proximal humeral epiphysitis.
Can be seen on plain radiographs as widening, demineralization, or sclerosis at the
growth plate.
Fluoride supplementation should be started at what age when primary water supply
is deficient in fluoride - ANSWER: 6 months
Medications that can reduce serum Vitamin D levels - ANSWER: Rifampicin,
Phenytoin
Isolated posterior cruciate ligament tear - ANSWER: Direct blow to the anterior tibia
whilst knee is in flexion
What should patients be periodically monitored for whilst on Amiodarone? -
ANSWER: TSH
Drug of choice in depressed persons with cardiovascular disease - ANSWER: SSRIs
Antibiotics causing prolonged QT - ANSWER: Macrolides
Benign nocturnal limb pains of childhood (previously known as "growing pains") -
ANSWER: Usually occur in the evening or night time, may sometimes wake patient
from sleep, short-lived (about 30min), not associated with
redness/swelling/tenderness/limping.
No further work-up necessary.
Treatment of OSA in children - ANSWER: Adenotonsillectomy
What is most likely seen with diastolic dysfunction? - ANSWER: A preserved ejection
fraction
Positive hip FADIR and FABER testing - ANSWER: Hip labral tear
Childhood vaccination carrying risk of febrile seizure in up to 2 weeks post-
administration - ANSWER: MMR
Elbow Moving Valgus Stress Test - ANSWER: Ulnar collateral ligament injury
In United Stated, at what age is it recommended for cow's milk be introduced? -
ANSWER: 12 months
