BGEN 3022 Final Exam with complete
solutions 2024/2025
Carcinomas and sarcomas - ANSWER-What are the two types of solid tumors?
Carcinoma - ANSWER-Arises from cells that cover external/internal body
surfaces
Sarcoma - ANSWER-Arises from cells found in the supporting tissues
Lymphomas and leukemias - ANSWER-What are the two types of liquid tumors?
Lymphoma - ANSWER-Arises in the lymph nodes & tissues of the body's immune
system
Leukemia - ANSWER-Cancers of the immature blood cells that grow in the bone
marrow
Hyperplasia - ANSWER-Enhanced tissue growth that is non-cancerous
Dysplasia - ANSWER-Abnormal or excessive cell growth
Metastasis - ANSWER-The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site
, Base mutations and insertion/deletion loops - ANSWER-What are the two errors
that the DNA MMR gene works to repair?
Point mutations - ANSWER-What can base mutations cause if they are not
repaired?
Microsatellite instability - ANSWER-What can insertion/deletion loops cause if
they are not repaired?
Lynch syndrome - ANSWER-An autosomal dominant disease caused by abnormal
DNA mismatch repair. Mutations in MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, and PMS2 are most
common.
Ionizing radiation - ANSWER-Has the ability to liberate electrons from an atom,
which can result in double stranded breaks in DNA
Chromosome instability - ANSWER-An increase in the rate in which whole
chromosomes or large parts are gained/lost
Flow cytometry - ANSWER-A technique that analyzes DNA content by
fluorescently labelling DNA, but does not look at chromosome number
Cytogenetic and karyotype analyses - ANSWER-A variety of techniques that allow
you to evaluate numerical and structural anomalies and assess specific
chromosome numbers and types.
Cells cannot be in interphase - ANSWER-What is one major disadvantage to
using cytogenetic and karyotype analyses?
Chromosome specific labelling - ANSWER-WCP and SKY are examples of what
kind of labelling?
Synthetic lethality - ANSWER-A rare lethal combination of two independently
viable mutations
solutions 2024/2025
Carcinomas and sarcomas - ANSWER-What are the two types of solid tumors?
Carcinoma - ANSWER-Arises from cells that cover external/internal body
surfaces
Sarcoma - ANSWER-Arises from cells found in the supporting tissues
Lymphomas and leukemias - ANSWER-What are the two types of liquid tumors?
Lymphoma - ANSWER-Arises in the lymph nodes & tissues of the body's immune
system
Leukemia - ANSWER-Cancers of the immature blood cells that grow in the bone
marrow
Hyperplasia - ANSWER-Enhanced tissue growth that is non-cancerous
Dysplasia - ANSWER-Abnormal or excessive cell growth
Metastasis - ANSWER-The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site
, Base mutations and insertion/deletion loops - ANSWER-What are the two errors
that the DNA MMR gene works to repair?
Point mutations - ANSWER-What can base mutations cause if they are not
repaired?
Microsatellite instability - ANSWER-What can insertion/deletion loops cause if
they are not repaired?
Lynch syndrome - ANSWER-An autosomal dominant disease caused by abnormal
DNA mismatch repair. Mutations in MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, and PMS2 are most
common.
Ionizing radiation - ANSWER-Has the ability to liberate electrons from an atom,
which can result in double stranded breaks in DNA
Chromosome instability - ANSWER-An increase in the rate in which whole
chromosomes or large parts are gained/lost
Flow cytometry - ANSWER-A technique that analyzes DNA content by
fluorescently labelling DNA, but does not look at chromosome number
Cytogenetic and karyotype analyses - ANSWER-A variety of techniques that allow
you to evaluate numerical and structural anomalies and assess specific
chromosome numbers and types.
Cells cannot be in interphase - ANSWER-What is one major disadvantage to
using cytogenetic and karyotype analyses?
Chromosome specific labelling - ANSWER-WCP and SKY are examples of what
kind of labelling?
Synthetic lethality - ANSWER-A rare lethal combination of two independently
viable mutations
